The theory of constitutional susceptibility is one of the core components of the ‘four theories of pathogenesis’ in constitutionology of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). It refers to the differences in susceptibility among individuals with different constitutional types to the same pathogenic factor or disease, meaning that specific constitutional types have a predisposition or tendency to develop certain diseases. This paper systematically discusses the background of the concept of constitutional susceptibility by reviewing the understanding of it in ancient and modern TCM as well as evidence from modern research. Its scientific connotation is explained from three perspectives: how constitution determines the body’s susceptibility to different pathogenic factors, seasonal triggers and regional pathogenic factors. Furthermore, its clinical significance is explored in terms of guiding empirical research on constitution-disease correlations, enabling disease prevention before onset and chronic disease management, and transforming disease diagnosis and treatment models. The proposal of the theory of constitutional susceptibility is of great significance for enriching TCM pathogenesis theory, revealing the heterogeneity of complex diseases, and enhancing the ability to predict disease occurrence.

Human use experience represents the summation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical practice and serves as a vital data source for the application of institutional preparations and the evaluation of efficacy and safety in the development of new TCM drugs. Standardizing the data collection and statistical analysis methods of human use experience in TCM, and establishing efficacy evaluation methods to transform human use experience data into evidence-based data, are essential for converting clinical practice data into research data. This paper attempts to summarize the characteristics of data collection of human use experience evidence in TCM clinical prescriptions and the analysis methods of real-world data. It also provides an overview of how to select clinical research methods that align with the characteristics of TCM clinical practice and how to manage bias risks and confounding factors in standardized data collection and statistical analysis. In response to the TCM-specific diagnostic and therapeutic approach of ‘formula variation according to syndrome differentiation’, a ‘score-based efficacy evaluation method’ is proposed to accurately reflect the therapeutic advantages of human use experience. This method offers a novel approach and perspective for the effectiveness evaluation of transforming human use experience evidence of TCM clinical prescriptions under the perspective of real world.

The academic thoughts of the orthodox school originated from the profound accumulation of traditional Chinese medicine’s surgical theories and practices before the Ming dynasty. The Waike Zhengzong was supported by specialized works such as the Huangdi Neijing and the LIU Juanzi Guiyi Fang, marking the maturity of traditional Chinese surgery and giving rise to the orthodox school of surgery. The Qing dynasty’s Waike Xinfa Yaojue drew on the academic essence of Waike Zhengzong and the Waike Dacheng, and incorporated the wisdom of various schools from the Ming dynasty, constructing a broad and well-organized theoretical system, which had a profound impact on the popularization and dissemination of the orthodox school’s theories. Subsequently, a series of works such as the Waike Xinfa and the Yangke Jiejing were all in line with the Waike Xinfa Yaojue, highlighting the important position of the orthodox school in the Qing dynasty. In the modern era, traditional Chinese surgery underwent academic integration and innovation, forming a diversified and complementary academic landscape, such as Zhang Shanlei’s Yangke Gangyao, Yanjing Surgery, the Shanghai School of Surgery, and Nantong Traditional Chinese Surgery, all integrating tradition and innovation, constructing a complete academic system of traditional Chinese surgery, which had a significant impact on modern traditional Chinese surgery, marking the transition of the orthodox school of surgery from traditional medicine to modernization.

Bioelectricity is a basic feature of biological systems, diffuses and distributes in all parts of human body, conveying basic substances such as energy and information, and is also used as a key diagnostic indicator in medicine to evaluate health and disease conditions. In recent years, the concept of ‘bioelectricity system’ has been put forward and it is proved that the essence of bioelectricity is qi, however the generation of bioelectricity and transmission have not been discussed from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine. From the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine imagery thinking to discuss the fundamental material basis by finding the common ground of modern medicine and traditional Chinese medicine, we explain that the essence of bioelectricity is the qi of traditional Chinese medicine, and is generated from the qi communication of ying-nutrient qi and wei-defensive qi in Xuanfu, and diffuses in the meridians and triple energizers. By giving the example that the liver meridian of foot-Jueyin and autonomic nerves share the same route and control range, we confirm that liver essence is the ‘spinal cord’ to discuss the correspondence of meridians and nerves, to show that brain and liver are the main Zang-fu regulating human body in electricity in Chinese medicine. Drawing on the biophysical model of the myelin sheath as a ‘coil inductor’, this paper elucidates the theory of ‘Shenji Qili’, thereby uncovering the underlying objective principles of traditional Chinese medicine electrification. Electricity in Chinese medicine needs to be constructed from the perspective of ‘man-nature correspondence’, to provide theoretical reference for the introduction of clinical bioelectricity-related diagnosis, prescription and electrophysiology techniques, and to provide new ideas for the establishment of the electricity in Chinese medicine and the integration of Chinese and Western medicine.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) severely impairs children’s health, yet its etiology and pathogenesis remain unclear with no specific therapeutic drugs available, rendering it a global medical challenge. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), through its core principle of syndrome differentiation and treatment, can circumvent the dilemma of undefined etiology and pathogenesis in modern medicine and alleviate the core symptoms of ASD. However, the current understanding of TCM pathogenesis, syndrome differentiation thinking, and theoretical exploration for ASD remains insufficient, which severely restricts the full exertion of TCM’s therapeutic efficacy. Based on preliminary studies and an understanding of the clinical characteristics of ASD, this study proposes that the core pathogenesis of ASD is ‘disorder of spirit’. The ‘five no’ behaviors in children with ASD (no eye contact, no response to calling, no declarative pointing, no verbal communication, and inappropriate behaviors) fall into the category of ‘appearance-brilliance’ abnormalities. It is further clarified that all typical symptoms of ASD originate from ‘disorder of spirit’ caused by the disorder of ‘substance’. Accordingly, this study puts forward that ‘substance’ should be taken as the core of treatment: syndrome differentiation shall be conducted based on a comprehensive grasp of symptom changes, following the therapeutic principles of regulating ‘substance’ to adjust ‘spirit’, and stabilizing ‘spirit’ to recover ‘appearance-brilliance’. On this basis, we construct a syndrome differentiation system of ‘substance-spirit-appearance-brilliance’, which is governed by ‘spirit’ and grounded in an objective material foundation, so as to guide clinical syndrome differentiation and treatment of ASD.

Objective: To investigate the possible mechanism of modified Gegen Qinlian Decoction (MGQD) in the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC) based on serum bile acid metabolism and TGR5-related pathway.Methods: Dextran sulfate sodium salt was used to construct an animal model of UC. During the modeling, mice in the treatment group were given MGQD decoction by gavage, and mice in the control and model groups were given equal volume of pure water by gavage. The effects of MGQD on general behavioral conditions, histopathological changes, serum bile acid metabolism, and TGR5/SRC/YAP pathway in UC mice were evaluated.Results: Compared with the model group, mice in the MGQD group were significantly improved in reduced weight loss, attenuated DAI score, shortened colon length and histopathological damage scores (P<0.01). The metabolomic analysis of serum bile acids suggested that the levels of bile acid, 23-dimethyl-deoxycholic acid, 12-ketolithocholic acid, porcine deoxycholic acid, β-mouse bile acid and donkey bile acid were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), while the levels of goose deoxycholic acid and deoxycholic acid were increased (P<0.01) in mice in the MGQD group compared with the model group. In addition, the protein expression level of TGR5, SRC, YAP pathway in mice in the MGQD group significantly increased compared with the model group (P<0.05).Conclusion: MGQD has a favorable pharmacodynamic effect on UC mice, and its mechanism of action may be related to the regulation of bile acid metabolism and activation of the TGR5/SRC/YAP pathway.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Hedysari Radix Paeparata Cum Melle (HRPCM)-Curcumae Rhizoma (vinegar processed, VPCR) before and after compatibility on colitis-associated colon cancer in mice.Methods: Sixty specific pathogen-free (SPF) C57BL/6J mice were randomly assigned to six groups (n=10): blank group, model group, sulfasalazine group, HRPCM group, HRPCM combined with VPCR (4:1) group, and VPCR group. The mouse model of colitis-associated colorectal cancer (CAC) was established by combined induction with azoxymethane and dextran sodium sulfate. Concurrently, each group received drug interventions, while the blank group was administered 0.9% NaCl solution. After 16 weeks of intervention, body weight and disease activity index changes were evaluated. Histopathological changes in colon tissue were observed using hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining. Serum levels of interleukin (IL)-6, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, and IL-1β in each group were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The expression levels of tight junction proteins ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 in colon tissue were determined by immunohistochemistry.Results: After 16 weeks of drug intervention, compared with the blank group, the model group showed significantly lower body weight (P<0.01), a significantly decreased thymus index (P<0.05), and a significantly increased spleen index (P<0.01). Severe pathological damage was observed in colon tissue. The relative expression levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β in serum were significantly increased (P<0.01), while the expression levels of tight junction proteins ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 in colon tissue were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, all treatment groups exhibited significantly decreased spleen weight and spleen index (P<0.01). The HRPCM group showed a significantly increased thymus weight (P<0.05), while the HRPCM combined with VPCR group exhibited significantly increased thymus weight and thymus index (P<0.01, P<0.05). The histopathological state of colon tissue was ameliorated. Serum levels of IL-6, TNF-α, and IL-1β were significantly reduced (P<0.01, P<0.05). The expression levels of ZO-1, Occludin, and Claudin-1 tight junction proteins in colon tissue were significantly increased (P<0.01).Conclusion: Both HRPCM alone and its combination with VPCR can exert anti-CAC effects.

Objective: To observe the effects of electroacupuncture at ‘Neiguan’ (PC6) and ‘Gongsun’ (SP4) on autophagy in antral interstitial cells of Cajal (ICCs) and the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway in rats with functional dyspepsia (FD), and to explore the mechanism underlying its therapeutic effect on FD.Methods: SPF-grade Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=8): control group, model group, electroacupuncture group, PI3K agonist group, and electroacupuncture+PI3K antagonist group. Except for the control group, FD models were established in the other groups by gavage with 0.1% iodoacetamide sucrose solution combined with tail-clamping stimulation. After modeling, the electroacupuncture group and electroacupuncture+PI3K antagonist group received electroacupuncture at ‘Neiguan’ (PC6) and ‘Gongsun’ (SP4); the PI3K agonist group received intraperitoneal injection of YS-49 (5 mg/kg); and the electroacupuncture+PI3K antagonist group received intraperitoneal injection of LY294002 (10 mg/kg) prior to electroacupuncture. Body weight, food intake, small intestinal propulsion rate, and gastric residual rate were measured. Antral pathology was observed by hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining. ICC ultrastructure was examined by transmission electron microscopy. Expression of c-Kit and LC3 proteins and mRNAs, as well as pathway-related proteins, was detected by Western blotting and qPCR.Results: Compared with the control group, the model group showed significantly reduced body weight, food intake, and small intestinal propulsion rate (P<0.05), significantly increased gastric residual rate (P<0.05), ICC damage with increased autophagosomes, downregulated relative expression of c-Kit protein and mRNA, upregulated relative expression of LC3 protein and mRNA (P<0.05), and decreased ratios of p-PI3K/PI3K, p-Akt/Akt, and p-mTOR/mTOR (P<0.05). The above indices were significantly improved in the electroacupuncture group and PI3K agonist group (P<0.05), with normal ICC morphology. Improvement was attenuated in the electroacupuncture+PI3K antagonist group but remained superior to the model group (P<0.05).Conclusion: Electroacupuncture at ‘Neiguan’ (PC6) and ‘Gongsun’ (SP4) inhibits excessive autophagy in ICCs and improves gastrointestinal motility in FD rats, possibly through activation of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.

Objective: To investigate the mechanisim of Jianwei Shoutai Pills upregulate CXCL12 in aged endometrium to promote bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) homing and improve endometrial aging.Methods: Four weeks and 12 months old C57BL/6J mice randomly divided into two groups: the control group and the Jianwei Shoutai Pills intervention group, with either saline or drug intervention for 30 days. Micro-CT was used to observe changes in bone microstructure in each group; immunofluorescence (IF) analysis was used to determine the expression of BMSCs in the endometrium; immunohistochemistry (IHC) was employed to detect the expression of SA-β-Gal and CXCL12 in endometrial tissues; and hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was used to observe pathological changes in the endometrial structure. BMSCs were extracted from the mice, and the effects of different concentrations of Jianwei Shoutai Pills containing serum on the proliferation and invasion capacity of mouse BMSCs were assessed using CCK-8 and Transwell assays.Results: Compared with the aged control group, the trabecular separation (Tb.Sp) in the aged Jianwei Shoutai Pills intervention group was significantly reduced (P<0.01). The expression of CXCL12 in the endometrium was upregulated (P<0.001), and the number of BMSCs migrating to the endometrium increased (P<0.001). Serum containing 10%JSP promoted BMSCs proliferation (P<0.05) and increased their invasion ability (P<0.05). The expression of SA-β-Gal in the endometrium decreased (P<0.05), and the pathological structure of the endometrium improved.Conclusion: Jianwei Shoutai Pills can upregulate the expression of CXCL12, recruit BMSCs to home and improve endometrial aging.

Objective: To investigate the effects and mechanism of Zhujing Pill Modified Formula (ZJPMF) on subretinal fibrosis in a mouse model.Methods: Ninety male C57BL/6 mice were randomly assigned to six groups: control group, model group, ZJPMF low, medium, high dose groups and ranibizumab group, 15 mice in each group. Subretinal fibrosis was induced in all groups except the control group via two stage laser treatments. Drug administration commenced one day after the second laser treatment. Mice in the ZJPMF groups received the corresponding doses of formula granules dissolved in normal saline via gavage twice daily, while the model group received an equivalent volume of normal saline. The ranibizumab group received a single intravitreal injection of ranibizumab. After four weeks of treatment, OCTA was used to evaluate choroidal neovascularization (CNV) and subretinal fibrosis area. Immunofluorescence staining was performed to detect IB4 and Collagen Ⅰ expression in RPE-choroid flat mounts. Western Blot analysis was conducted to assess the expression levels of RREB1, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers, fibrosis markers, and proteins related to the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway in the retina/choroid.Results: CNV formation and significant subretinal fibrosis were observed in the model group. Following four weeks of drug intervention, compared with the model group, both CNV and subretinal fibrosis areas were significantly reduced in the medium and high dose ZJPMF groups and the ranibizumab group (P<0.05, P<0.01), and IB4 and Collagen Ⅰ staining areas were markedly decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the control group, in the model group, the expression of RREB1, Snai1, α-SMA, PDGF, and WISP1 proteins was significantly upregulated (P<0.01), whereas the expression of E-cadherin protein was markedly downregulated (P<0.01), in addition, the ratios of p-ERK1/2 to ERK1/2 and p-Smad2/3 to Smad2/3 were significantly elevated (P<0.01). Both the high dose ZJPMF group and ranibizumab group partially reversed these changes in protein expression (P<0.01, P<0.05).Conclusion: ZJPMF alleviates CNV-induced subretinal fibrosis by modulating the TGF-β/Smad signaling pathway via RREB1 and inhibiting the EMT process.

Objective: To establish the HPLC fingerprint of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum from different producing areas, and to explore the differences in chemical components of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum from different producing areas by chemical recognition pattern recognition method, and to compare the quality and producing areas of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum.Methods: The fingerprints of 22 batches of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum in Zhejiang, Guizhou and Guangxi were established by U3000 high performance liquid chromatography, and the similarity evaluation and chemical pattern recognition were carried out.Results: A total of 12 common peaks were calibrated in the HPLC fingerprints of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum from 22 different habitats. Five components were identified by reference substances, namely isoorientin, polydatin, vitexin, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside and kaempferol. In addition, through similarity analysis, comprehensive cluster analysis and principal component analysis (PCA), 22 producing areas of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum can be divided into Zhejiang and other producing areas of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum; isoorientin, kaempferol 3-O-rutinoside, polydatin and vitexin were screened by orthogonal partial least squares (OPLS-DA) as the main components that caused the quality difference of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum from different habitats.Conclusion: In this study, the evaluation method combining HPLC fingerprint, content determination and chemical recognition model is successfully applied to the quality analysis of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum from different producing areas, and the quality difference components were screened out, which provides a theoretical basis for the quality control and origin identification of Tetrastigma hemsleyanum.

Objective: To study the quantitative relationship between qi deficiency syndrome and related symptoms, signs, and physicochemical indicators in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).Methods: Develop a Clinical Investigation Form for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease with Qi Deficiency Syndrome, collect clinical case data from patients, and establish a clinical research database. Using IBM SPSS AMOS 22.0 software, construct a structural equation model of qi deficiency syndrome diagnostic indicators and analyze its quantitative relationship.Results: A total of 894 patients were included, and 13 symptoms and signs related to qi deficiency syndrome and 10 physical and chemical indicators were screened. The weight coefficients of symptom and sign indicators are: cough and weak voice (0.953), shortness of breath (0.950), lack of breath and lazy speech (0.942), bad wind (0.939), susceptibility to cold (0.924), fatigue (0.906), spontaneous sweating (0.904), wheezing when moving (0.897), mental fatigue (0.797), thin pulse (0.647), weak pulse (0.620), pale tongue (0.613), and dull complexion (0.532). The weight coefficients of physical and chemical indicators are: low hemoglobin (0.877), low red blood cells (0.843), low immunoglobulin G (0.775), low {\text{CD}}_3^{+}\text{T} cells (0.740), low {\text{CD}}_8^{+}\text{T} cells (0.733), low {\text{CD}}_4^{+}\text{T} cells (0.719), low {\text{CD}}_4^{+}{\text{/CD}}_8^{+} ratio (0.719), low albumin (0.712), low cortisol (0.701), and low white blood cell count (0.623).Conclusion: Based on structural equation modeling, a quantitative relationship between qi deficiency syndrome and diagnostic indicators can be established, and the basic syndrome quantitative diagnostic system can be improved.

The analysis of the thought of ‘delayed insertion and slow withdrawal in acupuncture’ plays a vital role in the therapeutic effect of acupuncture. This article analyzes the necessity of acupuncture and moxibustion in clinical practice to abide by the principle of ‘delayed insertion and slow withdrawal in acupuncture’ from the aspects of the necessity of safe medical treatment, the key to the treatment of nerves and qi, the need for ‘three talents’ to obtain qi, the outline of improving curative effect, and the summary of accident treatment. In order to discuss the necessity of clinical acupuncture and moxibustion with acupuncture colleagues, it is hoped that it will have certain guiding significance for the improvement of acupuncture efficacy in clinical practice.

CHEN Xunzhai was a typhoid expert in the Republic of China, his academic thoughts are reflected in his representative work, Correcting and Annotating of Treatise on Cold Damage Disease. He had rich experience in pulse diagnosis, and his pulse thought was based on the method of ZHANG Zhongjing, which emphasized on clinical practice. CHEN Xunzhai’s interpretation of pulse based on pulse-vessel theory; that ZHANG Zhongjing’s pulse method originated from Huangdi Neijing and Nanjing, emphasized that Zhongjing’s pulse method corresponded to the eight principles, identified the eight principles by the theory of floating, sunken, slow, rapid pulse, determined the six-meridian by the eight principles of pulse, emphasized the fluid and humor of spleen-stomach by the pulse and valued the prognosis of pulse transmission and change. Based on the Correcting and Annotating of Treatise on Cold Damage Disease, the author analyzes and explains his thoughts on pulse diagnosis to help identify and diagnose the disease in a more comprehensive and detailed way, and to better play the important role of pulse diagnosis in clinical practice.

Renal fibrosis is a necessary process for chronic kidney disease developing to end-stage renal disease. Reactive oxygen species (ROS) mediated signal transduction and mitochondrial autophagy play an important roles in renal fibrosis. This article elaborates on the evolution law of traditional Chinese medicine pathogenesis of chronic renal failure (CRF), and innovatively summarizes it as the overall pathogenesis of CRF using the concept of Zhengxu Xieyu. By studying and sorting out the process of mitochondrial damage and oxidative stress, it was found that there is a high correlation between mitochondrial autophagy and the pathogenesis of CRF with Zhengxu Xieyu. This study attempts to use this as a starting point to investigate the molecular mechanism of Sancao Niaoduling in anti renal fibrosis by focusing on oxidative stress activated via mitochondrial damage-induced ROS production, and actively explore the deep mechanism of Sancao Niaoduling in intervening in renal fibrosis.

LI Dongyuan, one of the four great masters of the Jin-Yuan dynasty, made good use of wind medicine to treat diseases. Wind medicine has the characteristics of ‘ascending, dispersing, moving, penetrating, and activating’. Based on the seven formulas for quenching thirst in LI Dongyuan’s book The Secret Collection of the Orchid Chamber: The Gate of Cooling Thirst, this article summarizes the understanding of Xiaoke disease by medical practitioners and our team throughout history. On this basis, we explore the efficacy of stroke medicine in prescriptions. It is believed that wind medicine has the functions of elevating yang qi, dissipating stagnation fire, dispersing body fluid, guiding medicine upward, and clearing collaterals. It is closely related to the pathogenesis of diabetes and its complications, and has important significance in the treatment of some diabetes complications.

This article summarizes the experience of TCM master HONG Guangxiang in treating chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) combined with skeletal muscle atrophy based on the Zong qi (ancestral qi) theory. The deficiency of Zong qi is a key pathological mechanism driving the progression of COPD. When Zong qi is weakened, the spleen and stomach lose their function of transportation and transformation, leading to insufficient production of qi and blood and inadequate nourishment of muscles, which results in the gradual atrophy of skeletal muscles. Drawing on professor HONG Guangxiang’s clinical expertise, this article provides a detailed analysis of the main pathological mechanisms of COPD, including obstructed qi causing dyspnea, stagnant qi leading to distension, retained fluids transforming into phlegm, blood stasis leading to congestion, and the mutual transformation of phlegm and stasis into deficiency. Additionally, it summarizes therapeutic strategies based on the Zong qi theory, such as nourishing Zong qi, clearing turbid qi, and regulating diet, aiming to improve the quality of life of COPD patients and delay disease progression. Furthermore, it offers new perspectives on the application of the Zong qi theory in the care and treatment of COPD combined with skeletal muscle atrophy.

To summarize professor LIU Shangyi’s experience in treating endometrial cancer based on the core pathogenesis of ‘yin deficiency and collateral damage, phlegm-stasis-toxin accumulation’. Professor LIU classifies endometrial cancer under the ‘membrane-collaterals disease’ category within his ‘membrane disease theory’, revealing that the disease originates from deficiency of the Chong and Ren vessels and dysfunction of the triple energizer’s qi transformation. The pathogenesis involves a dynamic transformation: deficiency generates phlegm-phlegm and stasis brew toxins-toxins damage collaterals. He proposes a pathogenic model of yin deficiency with collateral damage and congealing of phlegm, stasis, and toxin, which elucidates the pathological characteristic of latent toxin within damaged collaterals. He adheres to the principle that collaterals function through unimpeded flow and pioneers a tiered detoxification strategy: unblocking collaterals, penetrating collaterals, and nourishing collaterals. He establishes the therapeutic principle of ‘nourishing yin to moisten collaterals, eliminating masses and expelling toxins’, and integrates four approaches: mutual support of yin and yang, simultaneous treatment of phlegm, stasis, and toxins, using insect-based medicines to search and expel pathogens, and directing herbs to specific meridians. This restores the balance of qi and blood in the uterus.

With annual mortality second only to lung cancer, colorectal cancer is a serious threat to human health after lung cancer. Professor PIAO Bingkui proposes that ‘deficiency of righteousness and qi’ is the basis of malignant tumors, and pays attention to the cognitive paradigm of ‘keeping the pathogenesis’. Professor PIAO Bingkui believes that the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer belongs to qi stagnation, blood stasis, phlegm dampness, heat and toxin, which is tied to the intestinal tract and turns into cancerous tumors over time. He concluds that the basic pathogenesis of this disease is spleen and kidney deficiency and internal accumulation of dampness and heat. The treatment should be to strengthen the spleen and warm the kidney, eliminate dampness and detoxify, and at the same time take into account the differences of disease development and treatment stages, it is effective in alleviating symptoms, improving quality of life and prolonging survival.

The article summarizes the clinical experience of professor ZHENG Yuling in treating ovarian cancer with modified Yiyi Fuzi Baijiang Powder. Professor ZHENG Yuling believes that the main pathogenesis of ovarian cancer lies in deficiency of liver, spleen and kidney, coupled with insufficiency of yang qi, leading to the coagulation of stubborn phlegm, dampness, and blood stasis due to cold, which ultimately generates cancerous toxins and forms a tangible abdominal mass. The treatment strategy emphasizes strengthening the healthy qi and eliminating evil, taking both the deficiency and excess into consideration, based on supporting the positive and strengthening the fundamental, applying Yiyi Fuzi Baijiang Powder to treat the ovarian cancer by flexibly modifying and combining with other prescriptions, and at the same time, emphasizing on regulating the emotion and sentiment and dietary regulation, to treat the body and mind together and achieve remarkable therapeutic effect.

Vascular dementia (VaD), characterized primarily by progressive neurocognitive impairments, exhibits an insidious onset and non-specific clinical manifestations, with currently limited therapeutic options. From a holistic perspective, the intricate interplay between ‘blood, vessels, collaterals, and orifices’ maintains the body’s normal life functions. Qi deficiency and blood stasis, along with the deprivation of nourishment to the brain, represent the core pathological mechanisms of VaD. Disruption of blood circulation and internal obstruction by blood stasis initiate the disease, while stagnant toxins damaging the collaterals and obscuring the orifices drive its progression. The deprivation of nourishment to the brain orifices and the consequent dysfunction of the mind are consistent throughout the course of VaD. In clinical treatment, the principle emphasizes harmonizing blood circulation with balance as the guiding principle; resolving stasis and promoting flow as the method; and facilitating mental function and opening the orifices as the approach. This aims to offer novel insights for regulating the progression of VaD through traditional Chinese medicine, with the goal of restoring the homeostasis of the neurovascular unit.

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a common chronic disease in China, with high incidence rate, high disability rate and irreverssible progression. The basic pathogenesis of CKD in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) belongs to the category of deficiency in the root and excess in the target, which is based on deficiency of the spleen and kidney, with phlegm turbidity syndrome becoming increasingly prominent. The core pathogenesis of CKD phlegm turbidity syndrome is kidney qi deficiency, inability to convert water into body fluid, internal generation of phlegm turbidity, obstruction of kidney meridians by phlegm, and damage to kidney qi. The two are mutually causal and jointly promote the progression of CKD. The overall manifestation is early (CKD 1-2 stage) slight damage to kidney qi and initial phlegm retention, mid stage (CKD 3-4 stage) spleen and kidney deficiency and excessive phlegm turbidity, and late stage (CKD 5 stage) spleen and kidney exhaustion with phlegm toxin accumulation. The treatment of CKD from the perspective of phlegm emphasizes the balance of pathogenic factor and healthy elements. On the basis of warming the spleen and kidney to remove phlegm sources, the treatment of phlegm obstruction of the upper Jiao should be broad chest, smooth qi, and clear phlegm turbidity. The treatment of phlegm of the middle Jiao excess should be dry dampness, phlegm resolving, and broad middle regulating qi. The treatment of lower Jiao phlegm accumulation should be able to eliminate phlegm and discharge turbidity, promote blood circulation and unblock meridians, and treat the symptoms and root causes simultaneously. The goal is to clear phlegm throughout the body, promote healthy spleen and kidneys, and circulating qi and blood, jointly delaying the progression of CKD.

Obesity-related glomerulopathy (ORG) is a kind of kidney damage caused by obesity. Its pathogenesis is complex and the treatment of western medicine is limited. Practical experience has proved that traditional Chinese medicine to assist in the treatment of ORG has unique advantages, can increase efficiency and reduce toxicity. Based on the theory of ‘if the qi fails, it will rise and fall’ in the Four Sacred Heart Sources, this paper believes that the core pathogenesis of ORG is spleen and kidney qi deficiency and phlegm stasis endogenous, and establishes that the treatment of this disease is to strengthen the spleen and benefit the kidney, dissolve phlegm and remove stasis, in order to provide some new ideas and methods for the prevention and treatment of this disease.

This article summarizes professor FENG Xingzhong’s clinical thinking on treating chronic complications of diabetes based on the pathogenesis theory of qi deficiency leading to toxin. Based on the classic theories of the Huangdi Neijing and Jingui Yaolue, professor FENG emphasizes that qi deficiency is the pathological basis of Xiaoke (diabetes). Long-term Xiaoke leads to the dysfunction of qi transformation in the lung, spleen, kidney and triple burner, and the mutual accumulation of phlegm, dampness and blood stasis, which eventually turns into toxins, is an important pathological factor. He summarizes and proposes the evolution law of qi deficiency leading to toxin in the pathogenesis of Xiaoke. He advocates applying the principle of ‘treating from the perspective of qi and benefiting qi to detoxify’ throughout the treatment of xiaoke complications, which has achieved good clinical results.

Pediatric asthma is a chronic, recurrent inflammatory disease. In clinical practice, WAN Quan emphasized the constitutional characteristics of children, namely the frequent insufficiency of the lung, spleen, kidney and yin. His treatment of pediatric asthma is quite distinctive, proposing the principle of smoothing qi and resolving phlegm, deftly utilizing the power of wind medicines, and formulating calm, soft and moist products to take care of the spleen and stomach, so that internal and external prevention and treatment are carried out all the way through. Guided by the theory of ‘four deficiencies’ constitution, this article innovatively constructs a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) diagnosis and treatment framework for pediatric asthma in remission, which integrates four aspects: constitution differentiation, treatment determination, disease control, and relapse prevention. The purpose of this paper is to analyze WAN Quan’s experience in treating pediatric asthma during the remission period based on the theory of ‘four deficiencies’ of WAN Quan, to review the efficacy and research progress of his classical prescriptions, and to show the adjustable therapeutic ideas of physical diseases with the help of classical cases, which will help to further deepen the treatment and prevention of childhood asthma by TCM. This study will help to further deepen the research on the prevention and treatment of pediatric asthma by TCM.

Triplet herbs are combination of three traditional Chinese medicines used in combination, with three legs standing together and complementing each other. Proper compatibility can improve clinical efficacy. Lower back pain, perineal pain, and burning pain in the urinary tract are common symptoms in andrology, which significantly affect the quality of life of patients and make treatment more challenging. Gaoben, Baihe, and Jili to unblock the stagnation of the perineum, treat perineal pain, use Jinyinhua, Baimaogen and Yujin to open up and down, clear heat and diuresis, treat burning pain in the urinary tract, and use Zhiqiao, Jiegeng and Honghua to regulate qi and dispel stasis, achieving ideal therapeutic effects in treating lower back pain. This article elaborates on the theoretical thinking of treating three types of male pain symptoms with three groups of triplet herbs, and provides empirical evidence and explanations.

Modern science and technology are delving deeply into the essence of meridians. As a unique research approach in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the internal verification and perception of TCM holds a core position in the theory of acupuncture and meridians. This method can directly perceive the essence of the flow of qi and blood in meridians and serves as a crucial means for dissecting the quintessence of TCM theory. This article aims to conduct an in-depth analysis of the actual existence of the flow of qi and blood in meridians from the unique perspective of internal verification and perception in TCM. Through this approach, we can not only better understand the theory of meridians but also provide robust support for enriching its scientific connotations and improving its practical applications. The utilization of the internal verification and perception in TCM will contribute to facilitating in-depth research and extensive application of the theory of meridians in TCM and make a contribution to the modernization of TCM.

Evidence-based medicine provides scientific basis for the effectiveness, safety and economy of medical decision-making, and plays an important role in the contemporary medical field. The development of evidence-based medicine of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) is faced with such problems as poor quality of evidence, insufficient integration, insufficient transformation, inadequate dissemination and application, and lack of evaluation. The proposed evidence ecosystem provides a new idea for the development model of evidence-based medicine in TCM. Through the closed-loop evidence ecosystem of ‘evidence generation-evidence integration-evidence transformation-evidence dissemination and application-evidence evaluation and improvement’, the seamless transformation between TCM clinical practice and evidence-based evidence can be realized. At the same time, the differences between the theoretical system of TCM and modern medicine, the complexity of TCM clinical practice and the lack of evidence standards, the insufficiency of technology application and information sharing, as well as the social cognitive differences and problems in international exchanges and cooperation are also the challenges faced by the construction of the evidence ecosystem of TCM.

The guide-state rehabilitation treatment system grounded in the ‘state perspective’, incorporates the principles of traditional medicine, human systems science, and the philosophy of the Chinese heart-mind. It emphasizes the transformation of treatment states from a trinity of ‘passive-active-volitional’ to facilitate the recovery from illnesses by holistically adjusting the psychosomatic state of the individual. Zhuangtai Shoudao is a significant component within this framework, blending the quintessence of JIN’s three-needle therapy, Western fascial manipulation techniques, and mindfulness therapy. It focuses on achieving the clearance, optimization, and adjustment of the body’s micro-cells through continuous conscious attention to fascial sensory integration during breathing in a relaxed state, thereby enhancing the neural pathways of the body’s proprioceptive sense and promoting the life optimization mechanism and self-organization of the human body. The purpose of this article is to expound on the theoretical foundations and operational methods of Zhuangtai Shoudao, to foster the innovative development of traditional techniques in the context of the digital information era, to advance the integration of traditional Chinese and Western medicine in rehabilitation, and to contribute to the new paradigm of human health productivity.

Blood turbidity acts both as pathological product and combines with various pathogenic factors to form new disease-causing agents. This paper expounds the concept, nature and pathogenic characteristics of blood turbidity, and proposes the pathogenic mechanism of ‘turbidity blood injuring the vessels’ in arteriosclerosis occlusion of lower extremity atherosclerotic occlusive disease (LEAOD) under the guidance of blood turbidity theory. At the same time, combined with modern medicine, it is suggested that turbidity blood injures vessels is the core pathogenesis of LEAOD, and it is pointed out that the occurrence of LEAOD is premised on damage to the spleen and stomach as well as heart and kidney yang deficiency, and blood turbidity obstruction and damage to the veins are the key causes. In terms of treatment, it is advocated to start with blood turbidity, and under the core treatment method of clearing blood turbidity and unblocking the vessels, formulas such as Huazhuo Xingxue Formula and Buxu Huazhuo Decoction can be used as the basis, and combine methods such as removing stasis and dissolving phlegm, strengthening the spleen and stomach, regulating the heart and kidney, and harmonizing yin and yang to improve the condition of LEAOD, so as to provide ideas for its syndrome differentiation treatment.

Anxiety and depression are common psychological problems of AIDS patients, which reduce the quality of life of patients, increase the difficulty of treatment, and cause widespread concern at home and abroad. According to TCM concept, the human body is an organic whole that integrates form and spirit, as well as essence, energy, and spirit. Essence, qi, and spirit are closely related to human immunity, anxiety, and depression. AIDS anxiety and depression are caused by the invasion of pathogenic factors, impairment of righteous energy, as well as excessive worries, and emotional disturbances, leading to stagnation of liver qi, deficiency of heart-spleen, depletion of kidney essence, or transformation of liver depression into fire, affecting the mind, and depleting heart blood, impairing spleen function, and exhausting kidney essence, belonging to the comorbidity of essence, qi, and spirit. Treatment strategies of this disease focus on regulating both form and spirit, and the coordinated treatment of traditional Chinese and Western medicine, mainly employing interventions aimed at invigorating spleen and replenishing qi, nourishing kidney and enriching essence, soothing liver and regulating qi, draining fire and relieving agitation, and nurturing heart and calming spirit.

Traditional Chinese medicine has significant advantages and profound theoretical foundations in preventing and treating insomnia. It emphasizes syndrome differentiation and integrated treatment modalities. These approaches urgently need to be further summarized and promoted. The drafting group of this consensus conducted the research based on the key research and development plan of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China, Research on New Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Plans and Mechanisms for Chronic Insomnia. It adopted real-world research and cohort studies of renowned senior traditional Chinese medicine practitioners, using chronic insomnia as the research focus and clinical data from syndrome differentiation-guided treatment as evidence. From the perspective of ‘primordial qi, yin-yang, spirits of the five zang-organs’, the Consensus of Traditional Chinese Medicine Diagnosis and Treatment Experts on Chronic Insomnia in Adults was formulated based on ‘syndrome differentiation and integrated therapies’. This aims to provide more comprehensive and rational guidance for the clinical diagnosis and treatment of chronic insomnia, improve the quality of life of patients with insomnia, and contribute to the construction of a ‘Healthy China’.

Visual spatial neglect (VSN) is a common cognitive dysfunction after stroke that affects patients’ rehabilitation outcomes, increases the rate of disability, reduces quality of life, and places a heavy burden on families and society. However, the current clinical recognition of VSN is limited. This paper reviews the clinical manifestations, pathogenesis, screening tools and modern rehabilitation treatment methods of VSN, and explores the potential of acupuncture in Chinese medicine to regulate VSN-related brain networks, with the aim of improving the level of clinical awareness and attention to this disease, and providing a new perspective and theoretical basis for exploring acupuncture as a therapeutic strategy for VSN.

Parkinson disease (PD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder. Pathologically, the aggregation of α-synuclein leads to the formation of Lewy bodies, which damage subcortical brain regions such as the substantia nigra, resulting in neuronal loss and death. As the disease progresses, it increasingly involves the cerebral cortex, cerebellum, and other areas, causing abnormalities in brain structure, function, and metabolism. Acupuncture has been shown to effectively counteract these pathological outcomes by exerting central integrative effects, thereby alleviating the clinical symptoms of PD. In recent years, research on the efficacy and mechanisms of acupuncture based on neuroimaging signatures has gradually advanced, providing a visualized and objective methodological approach to explore its potential central effects in treating PD. This article reviews neuroimaging studies investigating changes in brain structure, function, and metabolism associated with acupuncture intervention in PD, aiming to offer new insights for the clinical management of the disease.

Acupuncture and moxibustion, as a traditional Chinese medicine treatment that can treat and prevent ischemic stroke, is now widely used in clinical practice. The treatment of stroke by Dumai acupoints has been recorded in Zhenjiu Dacheng, Huangdi Neijing and Jingui Yaolue. Therefore, acupuncture and moxibustion on Dumai has a rich theoretical basis for the treatment of ischemic stroke. In recent years, more and more studies have confirmed that acupuncture and moxibustion on the Dumai can regulate the physiological and pathological state of the brain by reducing inflammatory reaction, promoting nerve regeneration, promoting angiogenesis, regulating autophagy, improving hemorheology, reducing edema and other aspects to treat ischemic stroke, which has scientific basis. By summarizing the ancient and modern research, acupuncture methods, commonly used acupoints and the application of magnetic resonance imaging technology in the treatment of ischemic stroke with acupuncture and moxibustion on the Dumai, the author explores a new method and new direction to improve the curative effect of acupuncture and moxibustion on ischemic stroke based on acupuncture and moxibustion on the Dumai.

Alzheimer disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, and various approaches have been developed to delay its progression. The therapeutic effect of acupuncture has been preliminarily verified through experiments and clinical practice. Microglia (MG) play a crucial role in the development and progression of AD, as they can both promote and regulate inflammatory responses. This review highlights recent studies, revealing that acupuncture can modulate MG polarization through multiple pathways to alleviate neuroinflammation, reduce β-amyloid protein deposition, and regulate Tau protein phosphorylation, thereby altering the course of AD pathology. Future research should focus on understanding the mechanisms of acupuncture in modulating MG and verifying the efficacy and safety of acupuncture therapy, with the aim of providing new insights for the clinical treatment of AD.

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a multisystem autoimmune disease. Modern medicine primarily employs glucocorticoids for SLE treatment, but long-term use often leads to adverse effects. Jiedu Quyu Ziyin Formula (JQZF), developed by professor FAN Yongsheng based on the traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) pathogenesis theory of ‘deficiency-toxin-stasis’, has been clinically proven to alleviate SLE symptoms and reduce the adverse effects of drugs. This article systematically reviews the mechanisms of JQZF from the perspectives of epigenetic regulation, anti-inflammatory effects, immune homeostasis, and toxicity mitigation, etc.. It reveals the scientific rationale underlying the formula’s integrated ‘multi-component, multi-target, multi-pathway’ regulatory effects, providing molecular biological evidence for its efficacy in treating SLE.

Poetic education, namely education through The Book of Songs, has a long-standing tradition that culminated in the teachings of Confucius. As the foremost among the moral edifications of the ‘six classics’, poetic education has exerted an extensive and profound influence on Chinese literati and traditional culture, including medical practitioners and the culture of traditional Chinese medicine. In terms of aesthetic ideology, it takes ‘joy without excess’ as its practical principle, which has facilitated the emergence and development of the etiological theories of ‘six excesses’ and ‘seven emotions’ in traditional Chinese medicine. In the cultivation of virtue, it takes ‘inspiring benevolent hearts’ as its practical goal, thus promoting the establishment and deepening of the medical concepts that ‘medicine is an art of benevolence’ and ‘a physician should possess a benevolent heart’. In academic development, it pursues ‘extensive knowledge and broad learning’, which has contributed to the advancement and flourishing of ‘the materia medica of traditional Chinese medicine’ and the methodology of ‘diligent inquiry and extensive collection’.

Objective: To analyze and explore the constitutional tendencies of populations in different historical periods and their influence by geographical changes.Methods: Articles related to ‘constitution’ from ancient Chinese medical books were screened using the Chinese Medical Classics (V 5.0). After data standardization and database establishment, Arc GIS (10.8.1) software was employed to analyze the development and distribution of constitution theory. This study explored the population convergence of constitutions in various dynasties to understand the theoretical development of constitutional bias.Results: A total of 145 ancient medical books were collected, representing 78 distinguished physicians. From the Jin-Tang period to the Ming-Qing period, the number of physicians showed a significant increasing trend. Concurrently, the geographical distribution of physicians underwent notable changes, transitioning from relative concentration in the early periods to gradual dispersion. Particularly during the Qing dynasty, the distribution of physicians became markedly concentrated in coastal areas.Conclusion: Arc GIS (10.8.1) software revealed the origins and changes of constitution theory within the Chinese Medical Classics. Ancient medical books from different dynasties provide longitudinal models for studying constitutional changes, while variations in geographical areas offer a spatial perspective on constitutional development. This study expands the connotation of ‘treatment individualized to three categories of etiologic factors’, potentially further emphasizing the importance of comprehensively considering social background, regional climate and environment, and individual patient differences in clinical diagnosis and treatment to formulate appropriate therapeutic plans.

The prevalence of cardiovascular diseases has been continuously increasing and it is a significant disease threatening the health of residents in our country. The retinal vessels are a window into the human microvascular system, and the changes in their structure and function can reflect the state of the systemic microvasculature. Through the combination of modern fundus imaging techniques with the holistic concept and the principles of syndrome differentiation and treatment in traditional Chinese medicine, it is conducive to the early diagnosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Based on the theory of ‘the retinal vessels belong to the heart’ in traditional Chinese medicine, this article explores the relationship between cardiovascular system diseases and retinal vascular diseases, providing a reference for the cross-disciplinary research in traditional Chinese medicine ophthalmology and cardiovascular diseases.

Research on dampness syndrome criteria is the foundational work for a series of studies on dampness syndrome. Only dampness syndrome studies conducted based on accurate dampness syndrome criteria possess scientific rigor and practical value. Establishing accurate syndrome criteria requires not only methodological considerations but also a thorough understanding of the inherent complexity of traditional Chinese medicine syndromes. Dampness syndrome involves systematic connotations such as different hierarchical levels, element relationships and structural functions, with diverse practical demands spanning clinical practice, medical education, and scientific research. We comprehensively explore the need for establishing systematic dampness syndrome criteria from perspectives of syndrome differentiation hierarchy, syndrome differentiation perspective, criteria function, syndrome differentiation location, and syndrome differentiation object. This article aims to provide direction for developing dampness syndrome criteria and offer a reference for establishing criteria for other syndromes.

Objective: To explore the biomechanical characteristics of one-finger zen push method when applied to the cervical region.Methods: Ten senior tuina physicians were recruited to perform the one-finger zen push method on bilateral cervical muscles under three force conditions: light, moderate, and heavy. A dynamic pressure distribution system was employed to capture key biomechanical parameters, with each force condition maintained for 3 minutes. Data from the middle 1-minute segment were analyzed, focusing on maximum force, mean force, peak pressure, mean pressure, force-time integral (FTI), pressure-time integral (PTI), and frequency.Results: Under light, moderate, and heavy manipulation intensities, all biomechanical parameters, including maximum force, mean force, peak pressure, mean pressure, FTI, and PTI, demonstrated a progressive increasing trend with rising intensity levels when a senior Tuina practitioner performed the moving one-finger zen manipulation on the cervical region. Overall, mechanical outputs at the heavy intensity level were consistently higher than those at the moderate and light levels, and the moderate level was higher than the light level, indicating a clear graded differentiation across the three predefined intensities. In contrast, operational frequency showed only minor variation among the three intensity conditions and did not exhibit a corresponding increase with greater manipulation intensity.Conclusion: This study quantitatively characterizes the biomechanical parameters of the one-finger zen push method applied to the cervical region under different force conditions, providing empirical data for the scientific transmission of tuina techniques. The findings offer an objective reference for ensuring the safety and efficacy of clinical manual therapy.

Objective: To observe the protective effect of Qiwei Baizhu Powder on diabetic cognitive impairment (DCI) rats and explore its molecular mechanism.Methods: The DCI rat model was established and screened by long-term high-fat feeding combined with low-dose streptozotocin (STZ). After successful modeling, they were randomly divided into control group, model group, Qiwei Baizhu Powder group and combined western medicine group, and corresponding drugs were administered by gavage. Fasting blood glucose (FPG) and fasting insulin (FINS) levels were measured by orbital vein blood collection, and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) was calculated. The morphological changes of hippocampus were observed by HE staining. The levels of Aβ42 and p-Tau in hippocampus were detected by ELISA. The mRNA expressions of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 in hippocampus were detected by PCR. NLRP3, NF-κB protein expressions in hippocampus were detected by Western Blot.Results: Compared with model group, the expressions of FPG, FINS and HOMA-IR in Qiwei Baiju Powder group and combined western medicine group were significantly decreased (P<0.01), the structure of rat hippocampus was gradually restored, the morphology of nerve cells was improved, the contents of Aβ42 and p-Tau were decreased (P<0.01), and the mRNA expressions of NLRP3, ASC, Caspase-1, IL-1β and IL-18 in rat hippocampus were significantly decreased (P<0.01). The protein expressions of NLRP3 and NF-κB were significantly decreased (P<0.01).Conclusion: Qiwei Baizhu Powder may play a protective role in neuroinflammation by influencing the activation of NLRP3 inflammatory pathway.

Objective: To investigate the mechanism of abdominal massage affecting colon mechanical sensitivity in slow-transmission constipation (STC) rats by modulating Piezo2 channels.Methods: Rats were randomly divided into blank control group and model group, the latter was constructed as an STC model using loperamide gavage and randomly divided into model group, massage group, and Piezo2 channel inhibition group (n=8). The massage group was treated with abdominal massage for 10 min daily for 14 consecutive days; the Piezo2 channel inhibition group was injected intraperitoneally with D-GsMTx4 (10 mg/kg) 5 times per week for 2 weeks. The general status, fecal counts and gastrointestinal transit time of the rats in each group were compared; morphological changes of interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) and enterochromaffin cells (EC) in colonic tissues were observed by transmission electron microscopy; immunohistochemistry, Western Blot and immunofluorescence were used to detect the localization of Piezo2 protein expression, and qRT-PCR was used to detect Piezo2, 5-HT3R, and 5-HT4R mRNA, and ELISA was used to detect 5-HT levels.Results: Compared with the blank control group, rats in the model group showed poor activity status, irritability, smaller, harder and drier fecal pellets, significantly prolonged time for the discharge of the first black stool (P<0.05), and significantly reduced feces (P<0.05); swollen mitochondria and dilated rough endoplasmic reticulum in the ICC cells; mildly swollen mitochondria in the EC cells; and number of overall c-Kit protein-positive cells in the colonic tissues reduced (P<0.05); Piezo2 protein expression in colon and DRG tissues increased (P<0.05); 5-HT3R, 5-HT4R mRNA expression in colon tissue decreased (P<0.05), Piezo2 mRNA expression level and the content of 5-HT increased (P<0.05). Compared with the model group, the first black stool discharge time was significantly shorter and the number of feces was significantly higher in the massage group and the Piezo2 channel inhibition group (P<0.05). The ultrastructure of ICC cells and EC cells was close to normal; the intensity of positive expression of c-Kit protein was elevated (P<0.05); and the expression of Piezo2 protein was reduced in the colon tissue (P<0.05); the expression of 5-HT3R and 5-HT4R mRNA increased, the Piezo2 mRNA expression level and the content of 5-HT decreased (P<0.05).Conclusion: Abdominal massage may improve the ultrastructure of ICC and EC cells and enhance intestinal mechanosensitivity by regulating Piezo2 protein and its downstream 5-HT signaling pathway, which in turn improves intestinal motility function in STC rats.

Objective: To explore the mechanism of Jianxin Granules in improving myocardial extracellular matrix remodeling in rats with heart failure qi deficiency and blood stasis.Methods: Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham group (n=10) and a myocardial infarction (MI) model group (n=30). The heart failure model of qi deficiency and blood stasis was established by ligation of the left anterior descending coronary artery combined with starvation and exhaustive swimming. After successful modeling, the rats were randomly divided into model group, low and high dose of Jianxin Granules group (n=10). Rats in the low and high dose of Jianxin Granules group respectively were given 3.2, 6.4 g·kg^-1·d^-1 Jianxin Granule by gastrogavage once a day. Rats in the model group and sham group were given 2 mL normal saline by gastrogavage once a day. Intervention in 4 weeks later, the rats were detected left ventricular ejection fraction (EF) and shortening fraction (FS). The right carotid artery was cannulated to measure left ventricular peak systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular end-diastolic pressure(LVEDP), maximal rate of the increase of left ventricular pressure (+dP/dtmax) and maximal rate of the decrease of left ventricular pressure (-dP/dtmax). Masson and Sirius red staining were used to evaluate the degree of left ventricular fibrosis and myocardial Collagen volume fraction (CVF). Chymase, AngⅡ, Collagen Ⅰ(ColⅠ), Collagen Ⅴ(ColⅤ) were detected with immunohistochemistry and Western Blot.Results: Compared with sham group, EF, FS, LVSP, +dP/dtmax and -dP/dtmax were reduced, LVEDP, percentage of left ventricular fibrosis, CVF and expression of ColⅠ, ColⅤ, Chymase, AngⅡwere up-regulated in model group (P<0.05). Compared with model group, EF, FS, LVSP, +dP/dtmax and -dP/dtmax were increased, LVEDP, percentage of left ventricular fibrosis, CVF and expression of Chymase, AngⅡ, ColⅠ, ColⅤ were down-regulated in the Jianxin Granules Groups (P<0.05).Conclusion: Jianxin Granules can improve cardiac function, inhibit myocardial matrix reconstruction, down-regulate the expression of myocardial tissue ColⅠ and ColⅤ, its mechanism may be related to inhibition of Chymase/AngⅡ pathways.

Objective: To investigate the regulatory effect of anemoside B4 on the IL-6 signaling pathway in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced acute kidney injury (AKI) in rats.Methods: A rat AKI model was established via tail vein injection of LPS at 5 mg/kg. Thirty-six SPF-grade SD rats were randomly assigned to the following groups: Sham group, LPS group, DXM group, and B4 low-, medium-, and high-dose group. Serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cre) levels were measured. Histological changes were observed via haematoxylin and eosin (HE) and periodic acid-schiff (PAS) staining. Renal injury markers KIM-1 and NGAL mRNA expression was assessed by RT-PCR, while Western Blot analysis evaluated renal tissue expression of KIM-1, NGAL, IL-6, and proteins involved in the canonical and trans signaling pathways.Results: Compared with the LPS group, serum BUN and Cre levels were significantly reduced in the B4 and DXM groups (P<0.05, P<0.01), excluding BUN levels in the B4 low-dose group. Improved renal histopathological damage. Expression of KIM-1 and NGAL mRNA in renal tissue was markedly decreased (P<0.01). Simultaneously, it suppressed the expression of KIM-1 and NGAL proteins in renal tissue (P<0.01), excluding KIM-1 protein in the B4 low-dose group; it exhibited differential inhibitory effects on proteins associated with the classical IL-6 signaling pathway about IL-6, IL-6R, gp130, p-PI3K, p-p38MAPK, STAT3, JAK3, and TGF-β1, as well as the expression of factors related to the trans-signaling pathway, including MCP-1, ICAM-1, and L-selectin (P<0.05, P<0.01).Conclusion: Anemoside B4 exerts a protective effect against LPS-induced experimental AKI, with its mechanism potentially involving multifaceted regulation of immune-inflammatory responses triggered by the IL-6 trans-signaling pathway.

Objective: To observe whether Yimai Granule can improve cognitive impairment in vascular dementia (VD) gerbils by improving mitochondrial energy metabolism.Methods: VD model was established by bilateral common carotid artery ligation. The modeling was successful and randomly divided into the sham surgery group, VD group, the low-dose Yimai Granule group, the middle-dose Yimai Granule group, the high-dose Yimai Granule group, and the donepezilchloride group, with 8 rats in each group. Morris Water Maze (MWM) experiments were used to evaluate the learning and memory ability VD gerbils, and haematoxylin-eosin staining (HE) was used to observe the morphological changes of hippocampus The levels of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) protein in the serum were detected by ELISA, and the levels of mitochondrial fusion protein 1 (MFN1) and mitochondrial fusion protein 2 (MFN2) in the hippocampus were detected by Western Blot, and the Adenosine triphosphate of Adenosine triphosphate (ATP) protein in the serum were detected by electron microscopy, optic atrophy protein 1 (OPA1) , mitochondrial mitochondrial Fission protein 1 (Drp1), Fission mitochondrial protein 1 (FIS1), Brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and ATP Brain-derived neurotrophic factor.Results: Compared with the model group, all treatment groups could improve the escape latency of the sand rats, increase the number of crossings (P<0.01), the total number of entries and the number of crossings in each treatment group were significantly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01); The results of HE staining showed that compared with the model group, neurons in the hippocampus of each treatment group were arranged neatly, the structure of cell nucleus and cell membrane was intact, the cell morphology was more regular, the boundary was clearer, and the number increased; The results of transmission electron microscopy showed that the number of neurons in each treatment group increased significantly, arranged neatly and densely, the cell structure was clear intact, the nucleus was normal, the cristae of mitochondria was normal, fusion increased and division decreased, and the number of mitochondria increased (P<0.05); Compared with the model group, each treatment group could increase the content of ATP in the serum of VD rats (P<0.05, P<0.01); the expression levels of Mfn1, Mfn2, Opa1, BDNF and ATP protein in the hippocal tissues were significantly highered (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the expression of Drp1 and Fis1 were significantly lowered (P<0.01).Conclusion: Yimai Granule can alleviate the damage of mitochondrial structure and function by regulating the fusion, lysis and synthesis of mitochondrial proteins, so as to improve the energy metabolism of mitochondria and improve the ability of learning and memory, thus play a role in the treatment of VD.

IgA vasculitis (IgAV) is characterized by neutrophil infiltration and vascular endothelial injury as its hallmark pathological features. The ‘novel multiple-hit’ hypothesis emphasizes that neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) act as a central mediator in the onset and progression of IgAV. Based on the theory of ‘latent pathogenic qi’, the core pathogenesis of IgAV is proposed to be ‘latent pathogenic qi damaging collaterals’, which closely aligns with the pathogenic mechanism of NETs-induced vascular damage. From the perspective of symbolic thinking in traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), this study explores the correlation between the ‘latent pathogenic qi damaging collaterals-NETs excess’ axis and the pathogenesis of IgAV, as well as the potential TCM interventions. The aim is to provide new research perspectives and scientific evidence for the modernization of TCM theory and the development of targeted TCM strategies against NETs for the prevention and treatment of IgAV.

Objective: To study the pattern of change of the content of 11 alkaloids in different application forms and decoction process of Aconiti lateralis Radix Praeparata, in order to provide scientific basis for the safe and effective application of it.Methods: UPLC-MS/MS was used to establish a method for the determination of the constituents of 11 alkaloidal components in Aconiti lateralis Radix Praeparata, such as diester-type alkaloids aconitine (ACT), mesaconitine (MCT) and hypaconitine (HCT), monoester-type alkaloids benzoylaconine (BAC), benzoylmesaconine (BMC) and benzoylhypaconine (BHC), and alcohol-amine-type alkaloids aconine (AC), mesaconine (MC), hypoconine (HC), fuziline (FZL) and neoline (NOL). The established method was used to determine the contents of 11 alkaloidal components in different medicinal forms of Aconiti lateralis Radix Praeparata, including raw Aconite slice, salt-processed Aconite, black Aconite slice, white Aconite slice, and in the form of compatibility such as Aconiti lateralis Radix Praeparata-Rhei Radix et Rhizoma, Aconiti lateralis Radix Praeparata-Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, Aconiti lateralis Radix Praeparata-Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma, Aconiti lateralis Radix Praeparata-Zingiberis Rhizoma, Aconiti lateralis Radix Praeparata-Fructus Jujubae and Aconiti lateralis Radix Praeparata-Radix Paeoniae Alba. The change of 11 components in the decoction process of Aconiti lateralis Radix Praeparata was also determined. And the ‘spatial and temporal’ patterns of 11 alkaloids was explored.Results: Raw Aconite slice, salt-processed Aconite contain the highest content of diester-type alkaloids. The contents of diester-type and monoester-type alkaloids in black Aconite slice were all high, and the contents of diester-type alkaloids in some batches exceeded the Chinese Pharmacopoeial limit. The content of monoester-type alkaloids in the white Aconite slice was high, but in some batches was lower than the Chinese Pharmacopoeia requirement. In the form of compatibility, Rhei Radix et Rhizoma can reduce the content of diester-type, monoester-type alkaloids and FZL at the same time (P<0.05), Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma can reduce the content of diester-type alkaloids (P<0.05), and Ginseng Radix et Rhizoma can reduce the content of ACT and MCT (P<0.05). However, the content of 11 alkaloids did not change significantly after the combination of Zingiberis Rhizoma, Fructus Jujubae and Radix Paeoniae Alba. The decoction of Aconiti lateralis Radix Praeparata can be divided into a dissolution phase and a degradation phase. In the dissolution phase, the maximal concentration of the diester-type alkaloids was reached after 0.5—0.75 h. In the degradation phase, the diester-type alkaloids declined with a first-order kinetics, while the content of the monoester-type alkaloids did not change significantly.Conclusion: The content of the 11 alkaloids varies greatly in the various forms of application and decoction of Aconiti lateralis Radix Praeparata. The spatial and temporal distribution pattern of the alkaloids can be used to guide the safe and effective clinical utilization of Aconiti lateralis Radix Praeparata.

Objective: To explore the correlation between white eye choroidal features, retinal vascular geometric parameters and pathologically diagnosed diabetic nephropathy (DN) and establish a differential diagnostic model.Methods: Adult patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with chronic kidney disease (CKD) were included in the study, and the correlation between white eye choroidal features, retinal vascular geometric parameters and pathologically diagnosed DN was analyses, and establish a non-invasive differential diagnostic model for DN and non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD).Results: A total of 104 patients were included, including 36 cases of DN and 68 cases of NDRD. Multifactorial logistic regression analysis showed that among the white eye choroidal features, the mound, dark pink blood vessel, renal region feature scores, lung region feature scores scores and retinal vein fractal dimension were correlates of DN. The area under the ROC curve of the non-invasive differential diagnostic model for DN established by combining the white eye features, retinal vascular geometric parameters and general clinical data was 0.958, with high diagnostic efficacy.Conclusion: White eye choroidal features, retinal vascular fractal dimension are correlated with DN. The differential diagnostic model of DN and NDRD established by the combination of white eye features and retinal vascular fractal dimension had a high diagnostic efficacy.

Hyperlipidemia is one of the common metabolic diseases in China and an important predisposing factor of cardiovascular diseases. According to the theory of TCM constitution, phlegm-dampness constitution is a common constitution for dyslipidemia, so the theory of TCM constitution is taken as the entry point. Based on the four principles of traditional Chinese medicine constitution, this paper expounds the understanding of traditional Chinese medicine and Western medicine on hyperlipidemia and related investigations to bring a new perspective for the prevention and treatment of hyperlipidemia.

Objective: To explore the distribution patterns of common syndromes in cough variant asthma (CVA) and provide a basis for establishing syndrome diagnostic criteria.Methods: Clinical data from CVA patients were collected from 10 hospitals nationwide. Descriptive statistics, cluster analysis, and latent structure analysis were preliminarily used to explore syndrome distribution patterns. Based on the clinical survey, expert consultations were conducted to further clarify the characteristics of common syndrome distributions.Results: ① Clinical survey: A total of 830 patient cases were collected. Based on a frequency distribution≥3% and cluster analysis, 10 common syndromes were identified. Latent structure analysis revealed 5 common syndromes. ② Expert questionnaire: According to a mean score≥4.00 and a coefficient of variation<30%, 8 common syndromes were identified. Combining the clinical survey and expert questionnaire results, and adhering to the principles for determining common syndromes, 8 common syndromes of CVA were ultimately identified. These included 5 excess syndromes (wind-cold invading the lung syndrome, wind-dryness invading the lung syndrome, wind-phlegm obstructing the lung syndrome, phlegm-heat congesting the lung syndrome, and phlegm-dampness obstructing the lung syndrome) and 3 deficiency syndromes (lung qi deficiency syndrome, lung qi and yin deficiency syndrome, and lung-spleen qi deficiency syndrome).Conclusion: CVA presents with 8 common syndromes, predominantly excess syndromes, with lingering pathogenic factors leading to concurrent deficiency syndromes such as lung qi deficiency and lung-spleen qi deficiency. Each syndrome exhibits certain characteristics, which can provide a basis for clinical syndrome differentiation and the formulation of diagnostic criteria.

Objective: To observe the objective characteristics of force sensitization in patients with knee osteoarthritis (KOA) and explore the application value of infrared thermography and pain threshold detection in determining acupoint force sensitization.Methods: A total of 110 patients with KOA were recruited, and infrared thermography and a handheld pain-measuring instrument were used to compare the differences in infrared temperature values and pain thresholds at seven acupoints, namely, Chize (LU5), Quchi (LI11), Huantiao (GB30), Zhibian (BL54), Ququan (LR8), Fengshi (GB31) and Xiyangguan (GB33), under different conditions. Using Logistic regression analysis and ROC curve analysis were used to determine the optimal critical value of acupoint force sensitization phenomenon and the diagnostic value of different detection methods.Results: The infrared temperature values of the acupoints in the force-sensitized acupoint group, which consists of 7 acupoints, were all higher than those in the non-force-sensitized acupoint group, and the pain threshold values were all lower than those in the non-force-sensitized acupoint group (P<0.01). The optimal critical value range for infrared detection of acupoint force sensitization phenomenon at the aforementioned seven acupoints was 29.78~34.02 ℃, while the optimal critical value range for pain threshold detection was 17.85~35.29 N. The combination of infrared detection and pain threshold detection was superior to using a single method to detect acupoint force sensitization in Chize, Quchi, Huantiao and Ququan (P<0.01, P<0.05).Conclusion: The acupoint force sensitization phenomenon in KOA patients is closely related to infrared temperature values and pain thresholds. The combination of the two methods is, to some extent, superior to a single detection method to a certain extent, providing scientific and reliable medical evidence for objectively quantifying acupoint force sensitization phenomenon.

Morality has a great influence on human life activities, and the cultivation of morality is closely related to human life. This paper explains that the essence of morality is the law of natural substances and their functions. Morality is the same original qi in the human body as that in heaven and earth, and the conscience instinct inherent in human beings themselves, and the deepest level of conscious activity. It explains the mechanism of moral cultivation influencing human life activities, changing the human body’s qi through consciousness activities, and making the three elements of the human body coordinated with each other to maintain self-organized equilibrium and to maintain orderly life activities of the human body, so as to conclude that cultivating morality is the essence of life activities that realizes and regulates the body’s form, qi and spirit and is in harmony with the laws of nature.

Qianjin Fang is a medical encyclopedia written by SUN Simiao of the Tang dynasty, including Beiji Qianjin Yaofang and Qianjin Yifang. Among them, there are numerous versions of Beiji Qianjin Yaofang, which can be roughly divided into three categories. The first category is the ancient transmission version that has not been sorted by the Northern Song dynasty’s medical book bureau, including Zhenben Qianjin Fang and Xindiao SUN Zhenren Qianjin Fang, both of which are closer to the original appearance of the original work; The second category is the Beiji Qianjin Yaofang published by the medical book bureau during the Northern Song dynasty, which was extensively adjusted and modified by Song officials; The third category of Taoist scripture system. This article provides a comprehensive comparison of different versions of Beiji Qianjin Yaofang to assist clinical research.

WANG Jixian was a favored and powerful imperial physician under Emperor Gaozong. Research on his life and medical knowledge offers insight into the medical level of that era. For its contribution to medicine, life years and other disputes, as well as the career experience is not clear, and involved in the career of ‘Zhishi’ ‘Luozhishi’ ‘Yaojunguan’ ‘Zhengrenguan’ experience, through consulting historical materials, make a discussion today, obtained the relevant opinions. WANG Jixian was borned in 1098, served Zhishiguan for promotion, successively served as the defense minister of Yaojunguan, is serving as the Chengxuan ambassador, and the most high official is serving as the Zhaoqing Army Chengxuan ambassador. This paper takes the book Shaoxing Calibration for the Preparation of Emergency Materia Medica compiled by WANG Jixian, combined with WANG’s existing experimental cases, to summarize his materia medica thought and medical thought.

Dasheng Compilation is a relatively popular monograph on fetal birth of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) written by Jizhai Jushi in the Qing dynasty. The book has been republished many times since it was printed, and has been widely circulated and far-reaching influence, which is of great significance in the history of gynecology and obstetrics of TCM in China. On the basis of correcting the author of the book and introducing the content of the survey, this paper starts from ‘following the mandate of heaven, taking the birth of nature as good’ ‘midwifery, with six-character guideline as the core’ ‘before and after pregnancy, to calm and caution as the basis’ and ‘various ailments of miscarriage, emphasizing extra care and nurturing as essential’, to summarize the theory and ideological characteristics of the book related to fetal education and childbirth. In order to provide theoretical guidance and experience for the development of modern TCM obstetrics and gynecology.

The Dao of ‘Sheng Sheng’ signifies the ceaseless vitality and enduring rhythm of life. Book of Changes grounds itself in cosmic patterns, mirroring natural phenomena: The ‘Zhun’ hexagram, symbolizing the primal interaction of Heaven and Earth, shares roots with characters for ‘life’, ‘spring’, and ‘germination’, all embodying the sprouting of plants. Zhen governs spring’s awakening, where yang energy rekindles and life flourishes. Yin-yang dynamics frame creation: their interplay and balance form the core mechanism of ‘Sheng Sheng’. ‘Ren’ manifests cosmic vitality: seeds symbolize ‘Ren’ as the primordial force of regeneration. Mingmen, the dynamic yang within water, fuels the body’s unceasing vitality. Thus, Chinese medicine’s ‘Sheng Sheng’ integrates Yi as its foundation and medical practice as its application, rooted in the theory of yang below yin above and their mutual embedding.

Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) is prone to develop into Alzheimer disease (AD). Early intervention for it can help to prevent and treat AD. Based on the theory of five zang-organs storing spirits, the article explores the potential pathogenesis of SCD from the traditional Chinese medicine perspective. According to the theory of traditional Chinese medicine, human cognition originates from the heart ‘governing recognizing everything’. The spleen intent and kidney will jointly complete storing and transforming the information of the cognitive object, thus forming cognition. Grounded in ‘the heart governing the bright spirit’ and ‘the heart governing recognizing everything’, combined with the theory of heart-spleen correlation and heart-kidney intersection in traditional Chinese medicine, it is believed that heart spirit is the core of subjective cognition. The state of heart spirit is expressed through spleen intent and kidney will. When the interaction among the three becomes unbalanced, our cognition will be abnormal, showing conscious mental confusion, which is known as SCD. In the context of this disease, deficiency of heart and spleen is the initial pathogenesis, while disconnection between the heart and kidneys is the underlying cause of the illness. The article explores the understanding of SCD from the perspective of traditional Chinese medicine, providing ideas for the prevention and treatment of it in the future.

Traditional Chinese medical texts throughout the ages have documented herbal tea formulas for treating headaches. According to statistics, Taiping Huimin Heji Jufang and Yizong Jinjian recorded five herbal tea formulas for headache treatment. Since the Tang dynasty, medical practitioners have recognized the efficacy of tea in clearing the head and eyes and treating headaches. During the Song and Ming periods, medicinal tea formulas were widely applied to treat headache, and their use has continued from the Qing dynasty to the present day. Research indicates these formulas effectively treat headaches arising from cold damage, rheumatism, phlegm-induced syncope, and qi deficiency. Analysis of the formula combinations reveals that tea serves as the principal, auxiliary, supporting, or guiding agent within these formulas. It enhances therapeutic efficacy and moderates the properties of other herbs. Consequently, medicinal tea formulas can be effectively applied to various types of headaches and wind-induced headaches which deserve to be further explored and promoted.

Based on the inherent relationship between the four kinds of Chinese medicine classics, this article explores the knowledge development logic of the shenxian medicine classic Zhonglv Chuandao Ji based on Huangdi Neijing as a reference framework. Zhonglv Chuandao Ji, based on the knowledge system of Huangdi Neijing, integrates medical classics with the knowledge of shenxian, and systematically constructs a theoretical model of inner alchemy. The publication and the learning or practice of Zhonglv Chuandao Ji constitute a part of the theoretical exposition and practical application in various relevant chapters of Huangdi Neijing in history, and can benefit from the modern research of Huangdi Neijing and be understood in contemporary times.

This paper examines the characteristics of Bi syndrome treatment by ancient Xin’an physicians. It analyzes contemporary Xin’an physicians’ research on Bi syndrome treatment based on inheriting predecessors’ therapeutic experience. By integrating analysis of disease causation, pathological mechanisms, clinical treatment and medication characteristics, it summarizes Xin’an medicine’s therapeutic approach of treating Bi syndrome by regulating the spleen. Clinically, Xin’an physicians often focus on regulating the spleen and stomach, emphasizing their nourishment. They frequently employ herbs such as Baizhu, Fuling, Yiyiren, Renshen, Huangqi to replenish qi, strengthen the spleen, nourish blood, and resolve dampness, thereby reinforcing the acquired foundation.

ZHANG Zhongjing’s theory of yin and yang is based on the differentiation of the six classics. Everything is yin and yang sympathetic, so the disease is also yin and yang sympathetic appearance. The conformity of six channels is the theoretical basis for explaining the onset and transmission of diseases in the differentiation of six channels. The six channels of Treatise on Febrile Diseases all have wind-invasion. Although they are all wind-invasion, the symptoms and pulses are different. Only the Taiyang stage has corresponding prescriptions, while the other five stages lack treatment, which is a pity. The authors found that the Hejie Yangwei Decoction in Bian Zheng Lu is more consistent with the Yangming Zhongfeng prescription in article 189 of Treatise on Febrile Diseases, so this article discusses the pathogenesis and treatment of Yangming Zhongfeng based on ‘six channels conghua’, trying to fill the deficiency of Yangming Zhongfeng prescription in Treatise on Febrile Diseases.

Objective: To observe the effects of Bushen Zhuyun Decoction (BSZY-D) on endometrial receptivity, serum tissue factor (TF)/tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI), thromboxane B2 (TXB2)/6-keto-prostaglandin F1α (6-Keto-PGF1α), and pregnancy outcomes in patients with repeated implantation failure (RIF) of kidney deficiency and liver depression type.Methods: A randomized, controlled, double-blind trial design was adopted. A total of 122 patients with RIF of kidney deficiency and liver depression type who visited the Reproductive Department of Jiangsu Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine from January 2022 to March 2024 were selected and randomly divided into the treatment group and the control group, with 61 patients in each group. Both groups underwent conventional basic treatment. The treatment group additionally took BSZY-D granules (administered during the luteal phase and endometrial transformation during the transfer cycle), while the control group received placebo granules. The treatment lasted for 3 months, followed by a follow-up until clinical pregnancy was confirmed or menstruation resumed. Observe the pregnancy outcomes of the two groups and the related indicators of endometrial receptivity [endometrial thickness, endometrial volume, endometrial type, subendometrial blood flow parameters: vascular index (VI), flow index (FI), vascularized flow index (VFI)] as well as serum levels of TF/TFPI and TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α.Results: The embryo implantation rate and clinical pregnancy rate in the experimental group were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Compared with before treatment in this group, the endometrial thickness and endometrial volume increased after treatment in both groups (P<0.05); the endometrial morphology in the experimental group was predominantly type A and B (P<0.05); the subendometrial blood flow VI, FI, and VFI in the experimental group were all improved (P<0.05), while the serum levels of TF, TFPI, TF/TFPI, TXB2 and TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α decreased (P<0.05), and serum 6-Keto-PGF1α increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group after treatment, the endometrial morphology in the experimental group was predominantly type A and B (P<0.05), with increased sub-endometrial blood flow VI, FI, and VFI (P<0.05). Serum levels of TF, TFPI, TF/TFPI ratio, TXB2, and TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α ratio decreased (P<0.05), while serum 6-Keto-PGF1α levels increased (P<0.05).Conclusion: The BSZY-D demonstrates good clinical efficacy in treating RIF. It can regulate serum levels of TF/TFPI and TXB2/6-Keto-PGF1α, enhance endometrial receptivity, and improve pregnancy outcomes for RIF patients.

Objective: To observe the effects of five elements musical therapy on reducing the incidence of postoperative delirium (POD) and improving clinical symptoms in patients with Stanford type A aortic dissection (AAD).Methods: A prospective and controlled study design was used. A total of 82 patients diagnosed with AAD and underwent surgery in First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University from February 2022 to February 2023 were randomly divided into a treatment group (42 cases) and a control group (40 cases). The control group received routine treatment after surgery, while the treatment group received additional five elements musical therapy within 24 hours after surgery. Compare the incidence of POD, duration of POD, the lasting time of ventilation, and length of hospital stay between two groups.Results: The incidence of POD in the treatment group was significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05). The duration of POD, the lasting time of ventilation, and length of hospital stay in the treatment group was shorter than the control group.Conclusion: Five elements musical therapy can improve postoperative mental dysfunction in AAD patients, reduce the incidence of POD, and has good clinical application prospects.