In recent years, the four diagnosis equipment of traditional Chinese medicine has developed vigorously with the support of policy and technological, but there are still many problems in the development of research and development (R&D) thinking, R&D standards, R&D personnel and achievement transformation. Based on the interdisciplinary background, this article mainly discusses the current development problems of the four diagnosis equipment of traditional Chinese medicine under the interdisciplinary background, and analyzes the thinking research, standard establishment, talent construction and achievement transformation of the equipment research and development. At the same time, based on the multidisciplinary thinking perspective, the development strategies of traditional Chinese medicine four diagnosis equipment are discussed.

The issue of canonization is a significant topic in the study of the history of traditional Chinese medicine thought. This paper intends to focus on one of the most controversial academic cases in the canonization process of Huangdi Neijing: the supplement of the Seven Articles of Yun-qi. By thoroughly considering the profound tension between its philological positioning and its historical academic impact, this study integrates the ‘internal cause' dimension of the evolution of the ideological text itself with the ‘external cause' dimension of the academic tendencies of the Song dynasty. It argues the legitimacy of including the Seven Articles of Yun-qi into the canonical text system, explores its significance and value in the canonization process of Huangdi Neijing, and thereby reflects on the ideological core and implications of ‘canonical' in the context of traditional Chinese medicine.

As an earlier-written classic of traditional Chinese medicine, Nanjing occupies a crucial position in the establishment and development of the theoretical system of traditional Chinese medicine. Doctors of all dynasties have systematically investigated and annotated it through various means and achieved remarkable outcomes. Based on the systematic arrangement of over 30 annotated editions of Nanjing, this paper categorizes the approaches used by annotators of past dynasties to study Nanjing into three types: thematic essay research approach, essay deduction research approach, and annotators compile references research approach. Their functions are respectively to extract the overall framework, explain the connotation of the original text, and select representative annotated texts. Further subdivisions are made according to their characteristics under each research approach to provide references for the academic research of Nanjing.

Collaterals are an important component of the meridian and collaterals theory, but there has not been a systematic and in-depth study on the diagnosis and treatment of collaterals. This paper analyzes ancient and modern literature on collaterals, and discusses the theoretical foundation, application principles, and clinical application of collaterals from three aspects. It summarizes the current research status of collaterals theory in ancient and modern times. This paper believes that combining the network structure and function of collaterals can better understand the theory of collaterals. Classifying collaterals and meridians into yin and yang collaterals, qi and blood collaterals, and zang-fu collaterals and body collaterals can be helpful for the diagnosis and treatment of diseases. By formulating the principles of ‘using collaterals to promote circulation' and ‘treating collaterals to treat blood stasis' based on the pathological changes of collaterals. Combined with the collateral principle and the classification of collaterals, it is concluded that pathological blood collaterals are the main object of collateral diagnosis. The current application technology has a certain therapeutic effect on the collaterals, cupping and scraping mostly act on the yang collaterals of the skin, it can be used to relax bowels and discharge heat, regulate qi and activities yang, moxibustion is mostly used on the yin collaterals, it can regulate the organs and tonify deficiency, the guidance can increase the accumulation and regulation function of the collaterals, collateral release can be used to regulate blood and collaterals, mainly for the stasis of collaterals.

Spinal diseases have a high incidence rate, as well as a key focus of clinical and scientific research. The theory of tendon-bone is the cornerstone of traditional Chinese orthopedics, which is reflected in every stage of diagnosis and treatment of orthopedic diseases. Both ancient and modern literature have discussed the relationship between tendons and bones, but the theory is still not complete. This article specifies the biomechanical connotation of the theory of spinal tendon-bone, stating that under the balance of tendons and bones, the coordination of biological mechanical functions is exerted, providing the dynamic and static forces required for the spinal function. When a part of the spinal structure is damaged, stress is transferred to other structures, leading to a vicious cycle of bone diseases and tendon damage. Treatment should aim to break the pathological balance, restore physiological balance, and adhere to the principle of ‘emphasizing on bone and soft tissue treatment'. Treatment of tendons should not forget the treatment of bones, and treatment of bones should not forget to protect tendons.

Mind-nature inherits and develops the theory of ‘heart' in Chinese philosophy and traditional Chinese medicine. It interprets the innate and acquired ontological existence of heart quality in terms of the dimensions of soul, consuousness, and will. Based on the physical and functional architecture of innate and acquired, it clearly points out the methods of healing and cultivating disease states under different dimensions of heart quality, opening up a new situation for the diagnosis and treatment of psychosomatic diseases commonly seen in today's society. It refers to the treatment based on syndrome differentiation in traditional Chinese medicine, which complements the connotation and extension of treatment based on differentiation of heart and substance. The human heart is different, and the heart disease is different. The physiological and pathological phenomena of the changing human heart can be summed up in the innate body and acquired body of the heart. The heart manifests itself by its quality, and identifying the heart by its quality has important diagnostic and therapeutic value.

The theory of the twelve meridians was perfected in the Huangdi Neijing, and the theory not only enhanced the connectivity between the meridians but also is an important part of the theoretical system of Chinese medicine. The twelve meridians are divided into six groups of homonymous meridians with three yin and three yang. The homonymous meridians are meridians with the same yin and yang properties, and their intrinsic correlation is one of the bases for the close connection between the upper and lower meridians in the human body. In this paper, based on the distribution of the meridians and their correspondence with the heaven and earth, and based on the theory of ‘sensation and response', we make a preliminary discussion on the properties of yin and yang, the circulation of the meridians, and the interrelationship of the hand and foot meridians with the same name, and explain that the hand and foot meridians with the same name are actually identical, that is, the different hand and foot meridians with the same name in the twelve meridians are the six qi (taiyang, yangming, shaoyang, taiyin, jue yin, and shao yin). The six qi are expressed in the human body and thus unified under the same name of yin and yang qi. The difference in the same name of the hand and foot meridian is only a reflection of the difference between the upper and lower, inner and outer, heaven and earth under the same qi, the same name hand and foot meridian is actually a meridian under the six qi.

Sanghuangporus spp. is a general name of a class of fungi in the family of rust and mulberry Huangporus. It has a history of more than two thousand years in our country. In traditional Chinese medicine, it is mainly used for the treatment of night sweat, dysentery, blood drench, rectal diarrhea. By combing related ancient books and literatures, this paper conducted materia medica textual research and review on the origin, original plant knowledge, producing area, medicinal effect, flavor and processing history and changes of mulberry medicinal materials. Research has found that ancient books often believed that mulberry yellow originated from mulberry trees, providing a basis for modern belief that mulberry yellow is the true mulberry yellow. However, there are many species of Sanghuang, and the labeling is unclear, making it difficult to summarize the entire Sanghuang medicinal material under the name ‘Sanghuang'. It should be distinguished based on different sources; Sanghuang has a wide range of production areas, with the main cultivated varieties being ‘Yangshu Sanghuang' and ‘Sangshu Sanghuang'; The medicinal efficacy of Sanghuang is consistent with modern Chinese medicine in treating diseases such as collapse and leakage, amenorrhea, and accumulation of symptoms and masses. However, there are significant differences in its nature and taste between ancient and modern times, which may be related to the different species of Sanghuang. In addition, there are processing methods such as ‘burning and storage' in ancient books that provide reference for the processing of Sanghuang. This study investigates the problem of unclear classification of the true Sanghuang genus, analyzes the types of Sanghuang in ancient books, summarizes and discovers ancient processing methods such as ‘burning and storage', and proposes research directions such as Sanghuang combined therapy for tumors, in order to provide some reference for the rational application of Sanghuang, in-depth research, and market expansion of industrial development.

From the perspective of ‘Xuanfu-qi liquid-Shen', we analyze ‘form and Shen' and believe that the development of depression is a co-morbidity of form and Shen. From the perspective of disease process flow, we analyze in depth the pathogenic level of depression, which is depression of the Xuanfu, loss of qi liquid, and injury to the spirit, and believe that damage to the ‘form' is the basis of depression, and disorder of the ‘Shen' is the condition of depression. The treatment is based on the principle of ‘opening up the Xuanfu', which is a combination of both reinforcing and dredging methods, and the form and the spirit, with flexible addition and subtraction according to the special symptoms of depression, in order to guide the clinical treatment of depression.

Chinese medicine believes that the heart has the function of mastering mental activities such as spirit, consciousness, thinking and emotion, while the brain also has the function of mastering vital activities, mental activities and sensory movements. Both the heart and the brain have the function of mastering the spirit. Based on the concept of the trinity of life view, this article explains the mechanism of the heart and brain in terms of their form, qi and spirit, respectively, and demonstrates the theory that ‘the heart and brain share the mastery of the mind' and explains that the brain, which dominates human spirituality, consciousness and thinking activities, is closely related to the heart. It provides new ideas for the modern scientific analysis of Chinese medicine theories and clinical treatment of mental diseases.

ZHUANG Chuo in the Song dynasty was one of the typical representatives of Confucianism who was adept at medicine. He was deeply influenced by Confucianism since childhood. He dabbled in medicine for health in adulthood and achieved certain achievements. His Jileibian contains a large amount of herbal knowledge. ZHUANG Chuo integrated the research characteristics of Confucian scholars into the study of medicine. At the same time, by virtue of the advantages of Confucian scholars, he supplemented and corrected the shortcomings of the herbal books made by doctors through exegetical methods and his own travels. To a certain extent, Jileibian reflects the characteristics of Song Confucianism in the study of medicine, and also provides us with a new perspective on the study of medicine in Song dynasty.

Dysmenorrhea is a common gynecologic disorder, treatment based on pattern identification is deficiency-excess complex. Treatment is often based on the identification of the pattern and the use of the ‘dredging' method. Wind medicine is a collective term for a group of traditional Chinese medicines that have the effects of dispersing, propagating, and elevating. Clinical treatment of dysmenorrhea, often adding wind medicine on the basis of differentiation of disease and syndrome, can play an ‘alleviating pain' effect. If pain is caused by qi stagnation and blood stasis, wind medicine can promote the circulation of qi and blood. If clinical pain is caused by cold and blood stasis, wind medicine can help to elevate yang and relax qi. If clinical dampness and heat obstruction cause pain, wind medicine can win over dampness and resolve phlegm, promote dispersal and disperse heat. If clinical pain is caused by and weak qi and blood, wind medicine can stimulate qi and help nourish qi and blood. This paper briefly describes the role of wind medicines in the treatment of dysmenorrhea from the different effects of wind medicines and the etiology and pathogenesis of dysmenorrhea, combined with ancient Chinese medical texts as well as modern pharmacological studies.

Objective: To observe the protective effect and mechanism of Bushen Kaixuan Tongluo Formula (BKTF) on the kidney of db/db mice. Methods: Thirty db/db mice were randomly divided into five groups based on fasting blood glucose levels: the model group, the irbesartan group, the low-dose, the medium-dose and the high-dose BKTF groups, six in each group, and six m/m mice were included as the normal group. Every 2 weeks, the body weight of mice in each group was measured. After 12 weeks of continuous administration, specimens were collected for measurement of fasting blood glucose, urinary albumin, urinary creatinine, urinary albumin creatinine ratio (ACR), serum creatinine (Scr), urea, serum total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides, insulin (INS), aspartate aminotransferase, and alanine aminotransferase levels. Kidney sections were embedded and subjected to staining with Hematoxylin-Eosin (HE), Periodic Acid-Schiff (PAS), and Masson's trichrome. Immunohistochemical and RT-qPCR detected PPARγand ERK1/2 protein and mRNA expression in the kidney. Results: Compared with the model group, the body weight of mice in the each dose BKTF group was significantly reduced (P<0.05), the urine ACR level of mice in the medium-and high-dose BKTF groups was reduced (P<0.01, P<0.05), the Scr and TC level of mice in the medium-dose BKTF group was reduced (P<0.05, P<0.01), the INS content of all dose BKTF groups was reduced (P<0.01). All doses BKTF groups could can alleviate the dilation of capillaries in the glomerulus, thickening of the basement membrane, and degeneration and necrosis of renal tubular epithelial cells, reduce glycogen deposition, and improve the level of renal fibrosis. Immunohistochemical detection showed that compared with the model group, the group of all dose BKTF groups had the levels of PPARγ protein signifcantly increased (P<0.01), while the levels of ERK1/2 protein decreased (P<0.01). RT-qPCR detection showed that compared with the model group, the group of medium- and high-dose BKTF groups had the levels of PPARγ mRNA signifcantly increased (P<0.01), while the levels of ERK1 mRNA decreased (P<0.01), and the group of all dose BKTF groups had the levels of ERK2 mRNA signifcantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion: BKTF can improve the renal function of diabetes nephropathy mice, reduce urinary protein, and alleviate kidney damage. Its mechanism may be related to PPARγ/ERK1/2 signaling pathway.

Aging is the process of integral and degenerative changes of the body, and it is the necessary stage in the natural law of life activities, has long been widely concerned. Nowadays, the integration of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) theory and modern research further reveals the crucial role of regulating qi and blood in delaying the aging process. Therefore, we analyze the understanding of aging in TCM and explore the role of qi and blood in the aging process by combining modern research findings. This paper elaborates on the importance of yin and yang, as well as the specific role of qi and blood in aging according to modern research. This emphasizes the importance of regulating qi and blood harmony, timely nourishment, and healthy living to combat aging, guiding the concept of anti-aging health care in TCM, and providing more beneficial insights for human health and longevity.

Metabolic diseases represented by type 2 diabetes mellitus have become a major medical problem in China and even the world. The prescription composition recorded in ZHANG Zhongjing's Treatise on Febrile Diseases and Miscellaneous Diseases has been named ‘classic prescription' by later generations. Deeply study the theory of classic prescriptions, explore the idea of Gegen Qinlian Decoction for the new use of classic prescriptions for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus based on the pathogenesis characteristics of ‘middle full internal heat'. At the same time, combined with the disease characteristics of type 2 diabetes mellitus, the problems and solutions in the new use of Gegen Qinlian Decoction were analyzed from the three perspectives of ‘Xiang-Ti' ‘Shi-Xu' and ‘Liang-Xiao', so as to provide new reference for Gegen Qinlian Decoction in the clinical treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus.

The monism of qi is an important philosophical thought in ancient China, which believed that Yuan qi was the origin of all things in the universe. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), rooted in traditional Chinese culture, has formed a unique view on life and disease under the influence of qi monism. This article explains the TCM concept of life from two aspects: the theory of the generation of organs, meridians, and four limbs based on the origin of Yuan qi, as well as the holistic theory represented by the correspondence between heaven and man, and the unity of form and spirit. It also explores the view of qi monism around the distribution imbalance and damage to Yuan qi. Believing that the premise of disease occurrence is the evil guest, the essence of seeking the root of disease treatment is to eliminate evil energy and restore the circulation of Yuan qi. Governing exterior to infer interior is the key to seeking the root cause of disease treatment. Governing exterior to infer interior and classification according to manifestation are the important ways to explore the primary pathogenesis. Syndrome differentiation and regulating the primary pathogenesis, restoring the circulation of vital energy, can achieve the fundamental goal of treating diseases.

Objective:To observe the regulatory effect and possible mechanism of Xiaoyao Powder on depression-like behavior in chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model rats. Methods:Forty SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, model group, Xiaoyao Powder group and fluoxetine group, with 10 rats in each group, except the normal group, the other rats with CUMS for 6 weeks to establish the depression model. The normal group and model group were given with normal saline, the Xiaoyao Powder group were given with Xiaoyao Powder decoction (19.27 g/kg), and the fluoxetine group were given with fluoxetine solution (2 mg/kg). The experiment lasted for 6 weeks. Depression-like changes were judged by the changes of body weight, food intake, sugar water preference rate and open field behavior; Nissl staining was used to observe the pathological changes of hippocampus; the contents of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) in serum were observed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA); the mRNA expressions of IL- 1β, TNF-α, IL-6, toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor-Κappa B (NF-κB) P65 in hippocampus were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR; Western blot were used to observe the protein expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB P65. Results:In the model group, depression-like behaviors such as weight loss, decreased food intake, decreased sugar water preference rate, and abnormal behavior in open field were observed. The neurons in hippocampus were lysed, ruptured, disordered, discolored, and the number of Nissl bodies decreased, the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 in serum and the mRNA levels of IL-1β, TNF-α, IL-6 in hippocampus were increased (P<0.01), the mRNA and protein expressions of TLR4 and NF-κB P65 in hippocampus were increased (P<0.01). After drug intervention, compared with the model group, the depression-like symptoms of the model rats were effectively alleviated, the pathological changes of hippocampal were improved, the contents of inflammatory factors in serum and hippocampus were decreased to varying degrees, and the contents of TNF-α and IL-6 in serum of Xiaoyao Powder group were clearly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01), the serum levels of IL-1β and IL-6 in fluoxetine group were significantly decreased (P<0.01). In the meantime, the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 mRNA in hippocampus were significantly decreased in both groups (P<0.01), and the expression of TLR4 protein and NF-κB P65 mRNA and protein in hippocampus were significantly decreased (P<0.01). Conclusion:Xiaoyao Powder can improve the depression-like behavior of CUMS model rats, the mechanism may be related to regulating TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway and inhibiting the expression of inflammatory factors.

‘Gu qi down' originated from ZHANG Zhongjing's Shanghan Lun, and was clearly put forward by LI Dongyuan. ‘The spleen and stomach are not harmonious, and gu qi down' ran through LI Dongyuan's academic thought. Based on the theory of ‘gu qi down', this paper reviews the ancient and modern literature and probes into the essence of ‘gu qi down' theory from four aspects: theoretical tracing, connotation analysis, differential diagnosis of symptoms and clinical syndrome guidance, especially clarify the causal relationship between ‘gu qi down' and ‘yin fire', aiming to provide a basis for modern doctors to study LI Dongyuan's academic thought, in order to guide clinical practice, especially to explore a new way of treating complex clinical diseases.

Cracked tongue, as one of the tongue shape characteristics reflecting the deficiency and excess of Zang Fu organs and the rise and fall of qi and blood, is often used to quickly determine the existence of cracks in clinical diagnosis, and there is little in-depth discussion and analysis. Starting from the definition of the word ‘crack', this paper combs the historical origin and modern development of the word ‘crack tongue' until its emergence and application in disease diagnosis, analyzes the causes of crack tongue under the guidance of traditional Chinese medicine theory, points out how crack tongue can help identify the disease position in tongue diagnosis, and proposes that crack tongue and tongue lines can be distinguished in detail in diseases, especially chronic diseases, in order to improve researchers' attention and application of the characteristics of crack tongue lines, It is a new path for disease diagnosis and treatment, syndrome identification and evolution law exploration.

Zhenwu Decoction was first introduced by ZHANG Zhongjing in his book Shanghan Zabing Lun. It is the most commonly classical formula for the clinical treatment of chronic heart failure (CHF). The paper delves into the alignment between the symptomatic manifestations treated by Zhenwu Decoction, as per its traditional applications and characteristic pathogenesis, and those of CHF. Integrated with the pathogenic mechanisms of CHF, it systematically reviews and summarizes the roles and potential toxic side effects of five categories of active ingredients, alkaloids, terpenes, sterols, flavonoids, gingerols, and other bioactive compounds, in the therapeutic context of this condition. The discussion is augmented by an exploration of the synergistic interactions among the herbal components of Zhenwu Decoction and the holistic nature of the original formula. The objective of this study is to provide theoretical support and empirical evidence for the clinical application of traditional Chinese medicine formulas in the treatment of CHF, as well as to expand the utilization of classic formula.

‘Qi is injured by flavor' is written in Suwen · Yinyang Yingxiang Dalun, which clearly states that flavor predilection can injure qi. As one of the five flavors, the predilection of ‘salty' also has an effect on qi. According to the detailed description of salty in Huangdi Neijing, flavor of salty belongs to yin, in the organs belongs to kidney, in the five elements belong to water, it can soften hard mass, can purgate, can be moistened down, can be cold condensation, ‘salty into the kidneys' as the basis combined with the five elements of the mutual generation, mutual restriction, over restriction and counter restriction, the interior and superificies of viscera bowels and ‘bie tong' theory. Explain the influence of salty predilection on the generation and operation of the human body qi and qi of the five viscera and six bowels.

Objective:To evaluate the clinical efficacy of Jie Tong Yin Lotion in the treatment of prepubertal girls with vulvovaginitis (damp-heat pouring downward syndrome). Methods:A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted. Girls aged 3 to 9 years with vulvovaginitis (damp-heat pouring downward syndrome) were studied in Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medical University from March 2022 to February 2023. The test group (81 cases) was given Jie Tong Yin Lotion and the control group (38 cases) was given a placebo wash. Sitz bath treatment, twice a day, 10 min each time, the course of 14 days, clinical efficacy evaluation was carried out at the end of the trial. Results:The total effective rate of the test group was 90.1% (73/81), the recovery rate was 85.2% (69/81), and the cure rate was 75.3% (61/81), while the total effective rate of the control group was 52.6% (20/38), the recovery rate was 34.2% (13/38), and the cure rate was 23.7% (9/38), with statistically significant differences between the two groups (P<0.01). At the end of the clinical trial, antibiotics were added in 13 cases (16.0%) in the test group and 17 cases (44.7%) in the control group, with a statistically significant difference in the rates of antibiotic use between the two groups (P<0.01). The disease recurrence rate was 7.41% (6/81) in the test group and 13.16% (5/38) in the control group. Conclusion:Jie Tong Yin Lotion is safe and effective in the treatment of vulvovaginitis in girls (damp-heat pouring downward syndrome), and may reduce the use of antibiotics. It is necessary to strengthen the publicity of science and the implementation of vulvar hygiene measures.

Tendons bundle bone, bone tensioning tendon, tendon-bone coordination is the basis of human spine and joint to maintain dynamic balance. Once the tendons and bones are out of balance, the normal function of the joint is impaired, causing knee osteoarthritis (KOA). In this study, it is found that the theory of ‘tendon-bone imbalance' is rich in connotation, including not only the abnormalities of skeletal muscle elasticity, tension, muscle strength and ligament properties, but also bone abnormalities such as osteophyte formation, knee varus and osteoporosis. At the same time, tuina can adjust the tendons and bones based on the ‘tendon-bone imbalance', and play the adjustment role of KOA ‘tendon-bone imbalance' through the tendon management and bone setting techniques. This has a positive guiding significance for further deepening the theoretical connotation of ‘tendon-bone imbalance' and its clinical application in tuina.

Zhongjing's Kushen Formula was first appeared in Jingui Yaolue, however, the original formula was missing, only the name of the formula but not the prescription. XU Bin's Jingui Yaolue Lunzhu of the Qing dynasty began to contain Zhongjing's Kushen Formula as a single-flavored formula of one liter of Kushen, which was often regarded as Zhongjing's original formula by later generations. Through literature research and efficacy comparison, it can be found that PANG Anshi's Shanghan Zongbing Lun of the Song dynasty first contained Zhongjing's Kushen Formula and it was a compound formula consisting of Kushen, Huaibaipi, and wild Langyagen. Kushen, Huaibaipi and wild Langyegen flavescens were commonly used to treat typhoid fever and foxglove in later prescription books, with clear evidence in the literature and a clear idea of the formula. Zhongjing's Kushen Formula is not a single formula of Kushen , but should be a compound formula contained in PANGs'.

Objective:To explore the mechanism of Shenfu Qiangxin Pills in the treatment of chronic heart failure in heart-kidney yang deficiency syndrome by using metabolomics method, explore and identify its potential biomarkers. Methods:Thirty-eight participants with chronic heart failure who received treatment with Shenfu Qiangxin Pills were included, and their serum samples of baseline and after treatment were used for metabolomics testing by UHPLC (1290 Infinity LC). A total of 1 335 metabolites above Level 2 were identified, which were identified by the combination with positive ion modes and negative ion modes. Adopted partial least squares discrimination analysis, orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis for multivariate analysis, and tested the reliability of the model by using permutation test. The identified differential metabolites were subjected to KEGG pathway enrichment analysis. Results:After treatment with Shenfu Qiangxin Pills, a total of 15 differential metabolites such as D-glutamine and L-homoarginine, a total of 16 KEGG pathways such as D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, Arginine biosynthesis, Pyrimidine metabolism, Purine metabolism and so on. KEGG enrichment analysis showed 6 target pathway such as Glutamatergic synapse, GABAergic synapse, D-Glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism, Proximal tubule bicarbonate reclamation, Nitrogen metabolism, Arginine biosynthesis. Conclusion:Shenfu Qiangxin Pills may exert its efficacy in the treatment of chronic heart failure by regulating the amino acid metabolism.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a common clinical interstitial lung disease with an increasing incidence year by year, poor quality of life, and poor prognosis, ultimately leading to severe impairment of lung function or even patient death. Western drug therapy includes medications such as N-acetylcysteine, pirfenidone, and nintedanib, as well as non-drug therapies such as oxygen therapy, pulmonary rehabilitation, and lung transplantation. However, the therapeutic effect is limited. Traditional Chinese medicine treatment of IPF offers a new approach, and recent studies have shown that TCM has good efficacy in treating IPF. In this paper, we discuss the etiology, pathogenesis, and pharmacological treatment of IPF from the perspective of Chinese medicine. We also summarize the Chinese medicinal compounds, extracts, and injections that have been clinically and experimentally proven to have antifibrotic potential, further elaborating on their efficacy, mechanisms, and the progress of modern pharmacological research.

Zhongguo Zhongyi Guji Zongmu (hereinafter referred to as Zongmu) is a large union catalogue of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) ancient books which is most widely used, however, since it has been published for almost 20 years, and with the continuous deepening of the national census and registration of ancient books, the community found its mistakes successively. This passage found that 16 pediatric ancient books exist mistakes respectively in title, volume, author, completion time, collection hall, classification and so on, based on field research and the further literature search. By correcting these mistakes and analysing the cause, to improve the Zongmu, and provide reference for the research work to TCM ancient books, and boost the general investigation to ancient books of collection hall.

Jing acupoints were first recorded in the Huangdi Neijing, which is the origin of the meridian qi and the intersection of the two meridians of exterior and interior, which is in combination with the two meridians exterior and interior in collaterals. With the subsequent development of acupuncture, the positioning has changed slightly. This paper discusses the connotation and historical evolution of the Jing acupoints, and clarifies its collateral connection function. By sorting out the relationship between Jing acupoints and collateral disease, the authors try to discuss the collaterals, treat the main evil in the collaterals, the treatment of viscera disease syncope syndrome epidemic disease in order to handle the location and selection of Jing acupoints more flexibly, and expand the main scope of acupuncture Jing acupoints.

CHEN Shiduo, a famous doctor in the Qing dynasty, delved deeply into the medicinal properties of mori folium, summarized their effects and indications. He believed that mori folium was good at nourishing the marrow in the bones, adding essence to the kidneys, and stopping sweating in the body. Sweat syndrome not only damaged yang qi but also consumed yin fluid. Mori folium could both nourish yin and restrain yang. He created formulas such as Buyin Zhihan Decoction, Ehan Pill, Shouhan Pill, and Zixin Decoction, which were used to treat various types of sweat syndrome such as spontaneous sweating (head sweating, chest sweating, and itching caused by sweating) and night sweating, with significant therapeutic effects, providing support for further research on mulberry leaves.

From the perspective of spleen-intestinal microflora, this paper summarizes the similarity and correlation of intestinal microflora in the pathogenesis of essential hypertension, and combines the prescription of invigorating spleen to regulate intestinal microflora disorder and play a role in lowering blood pressure. Therefore, it is speculated that the potential effect mechanism of treating essential hypertension from spleen is related to targeted regulation of intestinal microflora, and the modern scientific significance of treating essential hypertension based on intestinal microflora disorder is discussed, which also provides new ideas for the research and development of related antihypertensive drugs.

The theory of ‘Han method' originated in Huangdi Neijing. ZHANG Zhongjing transformed the Han method from theory to practice through the substantive application of rational prescription medicine and comprehensively discussed the scope of application of Han method, the principles of use, and post-drug care. He revealed that the essence of the Han method was not only sweating, but in spreading the skin openly, driving away pathogenic qi, and there was no difference between cold and heat on the surface or inside. In the later life, YE Tianshi, who was the founder of the epidemic febrile disease school, had a deep understanding of ZHANG Zhongjing's spiritual method. He created the Tou method from the perspective of Wei-qi-Ying-blood to ward off pathogenic qi, promoted the development of Han method theory from ZHANG Zhongjing, and also closely linked febrile disease and cold damage, no longer separated. Taking this paper as the starting point, this paper discusses the inheritance and development of YE Tianshi's theory of ZHANG Zhongjing's Han method in the mechanism principle, the degree of regulation and the application of febrile disease and cold damage.

‘Removing ephedra and adding almond when the patient has dyspnea' was one of modifications of the Small Qinglong Decoction. Based on the original text of Treatise on Febrile and Miscellaneous Diseases and the annotations of later generations of doctors, four views on the modification of removing ephedra and adding almond are summarized, namely ‘water retention theory' ‘adverse rising of qi theory' ‘blood deficiency theory' and ‘lower jiao yang-deficiency theory'. Systematically analyzing the clinical cases of YE Tianshi, WU Jutong and ZHANG Xichun, the modification of removing ephedra and adding almonds was commonly used and has remarkable therapeutic effect in their clinical practice. The original text, annotations, and clinical cases all suggest that the drug contraindications of ephedra such as blood deficiency and lower jiao yang-deficiency are the root causes for removing ephedra. The addition of almond can help ventilate lung qi, eliminate phlegm, and remove dampness, making it more suitable for treating chronic, deficiency syndrome, recurrent cough and dyspnea.

This paper introduces the content of Clinical Guidelines of Acupotomy Treatment of Scapulohumeral Periarthritis. The guideline is based on research findings related to acupotomy for scapulohumeral periarthritis both domestically and internationally. Following the methods used in the development of international clinical practice guidelines, evidence from literature was selected and evaluated based on evidence-based medicine principles. An evidence grading system was established following internationally recommended assessment and development procedures, and after expert consultation, the Clinical Guidelines of Acupotomy Treatment of Scapulohumeral Periarthritis with evidence levels and recommendations were formulated. These guidelines cover definitions, diagnosis, and acupotomy treatment, with the aim of providing guidance for safe and effective clinical practice.

It is an important thinking method of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) clinical diagnosis and treatment of malignant tumors to distinguish disease and mechanism and the compatibility of prescriptions and drugs. Due to the diversity of tumor pathogenesis and the complexity of syndrome, the current macro understanding and micro identification of tumor are complex, and the thinking system guiding tumor treatment is difficult to be summarized and unified. This paper focuses on the characteristics of the pathogenesis of malignant tumor, such as the inclusion of deficiency and reality, the mixture of cold and heat, and the miscellaneous rise and fall. Taking the compound pathogenesis of tumor as the starting point, this paper emphasizes that the method of syndrome should distinguish the five main points of the disease, and the group formula should add, subtract, multiply and divide. Focusing on the dynamic evolution of tumor syndrome and its cumbersome and complex characteristics, this paper constructs a theoretical framework with compound pathogenesis as the core of malignant tumor, and focuses on the connotation of compound pathogenesis of malignant tumor and the application of five elements of disease differentiation (identify disease location, identify the nature of the disease, identify disease mechanisms, identify disease syndrome elements and disease trend) and infinite thinking of Chinese medicine prescription methods (addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of prescriptions) in the clinical differentiation and treatment of malignant tumor.

Gentiopicrin isolated from Gentianae radix et rhizoma is an important representative of iridoid compounds. Gentiopicroside and its metabolites have good therapeutic properties and few side effects, and have been used more and more in basic research and clinical treatment. A comprehensive and constructive analysis of the pharmacological properties and biological activities of gentiopicrin is conducted. In this paper, the bioavailability of gentiopicroside in immune-related diseases is summarized, and how the bioavailability of gentiopicroside in immune-related diseases was summarized and the role of its molecular pathway in the therapeutic effects on human pathology and chronic diseases was examined, so as to provide theoretical support for future scientific research and clinical application.

Chronic atrophic gastritis is considered as precancerous lesions. Chronic atrophic gastritis ‘inflammation and cancer transformation' is the pathological process of gastritis transforming into gastric cancer caused by long-term infection of Helicobacter pylori. Professor LIU Yanchi, guided by ZHU Danxi's theory of ‘excess of yang and deficiency of yin', combined with modern medical research, has taken the method of nourishing yin and detoxicating as the fundamental method to treat chronic atrophic gastritis ‘inflammation and cancer transformation', with remarkable effect. The specific idea is to nourish yin and blood, clear phase and fire, and eliminate the evil of phlegm, dampness, stasis and poison. This paper summarizes professor LIU Yanchi's experience in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis ‘inflammation and cancer transformation' for the first time, and introduces professor LIU Yanchi's ‘Ziyin Jiedu Recipe', which is prepared by professor LIU Yanchi himself, and provides an example explanation through a case study for clinical reference.

The special climatic environment and the unique lifestyle of residents in the cold regions have formed the unique characteristics of cervical spondylosis in the cold regions. The main etiology and pathogenesis and clinical characteristics of cervical spondylosis in cold areas are as follows: Lack of positive qi leads to the invasion of wind evil; The cold evil enters the meridians and blood vessels stasis and obstruction; Eating disorder cause phlegm-dampness blocking collaterals. The diagnosis and treatment should also be combined with the five pathogenic factors of cold cervical spondylosis, namely wind, cold, phlegm, blood stasis and deficiency. Look at both the superficial and the fundamental, acupuncture and moxibustion should be used together, according to different etiologies to use different acupuncture methods.

Objective:To observe the effects of acupuncture on learning and memory ability in rats with vascular dementia (VaD), and explore the mechanism based on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and cholinergic neurotransmitter. Methods:Thirty-six male SD rats were randomly divided into a sham-operation group, a model group and an acupuncture group, with 12 rats in each group. VaD model was established in the model group and the acupuncture group, and acupuncture was applied to Baihui (DU20), Shenshu (BL23) and Fenglong (ST40) for 2 weeks in the acupuncture group. Morris water maze was used to observe the behavior of rats. Test kits for detecting Acetylcholine (Ach), Acetylcholinesterase (AChE), Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) content in hippocampus; Immunohistochemical method observed hippocampus AChE, ChAT positive expression; Western blot to detect the hippocampus AChE, ChAT, BDNF, p-TrkB/TrkB, p-CREB/CREB relative expression. Results:Compared with the sham-operated group, the escape latency of the model group was significantly increased (P<0.01), and the number of platform crossings was significantly reduced (P<0.01), and the time spent in the target quadrant was significantly reduced (P<0.01), and the expressions of Ach and ChAT were significantly decreased (P<0.01), and AChE expression was significantly increased (P<0.01), and the relative expressions of BDNF, p-TrkB/TrkB and p-CREB/CREB were significantly decreased (P<0.01); Compared with the model group, the escape latency of the acupuncture group was significantly reduced (P<0.01), and the number of platform crossings significantly increased (P<0.01), and the time spent in the target quadrant significantly increased (P<0.01), and the expressions of Ach and ChAT were significantly increased (P<0.01), and AChE expression was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and the relative expressions of BDNF, p-TrkB/TrkB and p-CREB/CREB were increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). Conclusion:Acupuncture can improve the learning and memory ability of VaD rats, and its mechanism may be related to up-regulation of BDNF/TrkB/CREB signaling pathway, regulation of cholinergic neurotransmitter content, and neuroprotective effect.

The holism of ‘blood-pulse-heart-spirit' was born in the summary and reflection of clinical diagnosis and treatment experience of ischemic heart disease. Professor ZHANG Junping believes that ischemic heart disease involves the whole instability of ‘blood, pulse, heart and spirit', and its pathogenesis evolves in a time sequence. The treatment is guided by the holism of ‘blood-pulse-heart-spirit', and the syndrome differentiation and treatment are carried out in stages, emphasizing the feedback and regulation of the body of the heart and the invisible spirit. In recent years, the authors' team has continuously improved the academic thought of the holism of ‘blood-pulse-heart-spirit', and deeply explores its internal mechanism through clinical and basic research. Based on it, this paper summarizes the theoretical connotation of the holism of ‘blood-pulse-heart-spirit', outlines the specific clinical application thought. In order to extend the ideas and methods of clinical diagnosis and treatment of ischemic heart disease.